AP Human Chapter 4 Vocab

Nation

a term encompassing all the citizens of a state; a tightly knit group of people having bonds of language, ethnicity, religion, and other shared cultural attributes

States

a politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community; a state has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and is recognized by other states

Nation-States

a recognized member of the modern state system possessing formal sovereignty and occupied by people who see themselves as a single, united nation; most nations and states aspire to this form, though it is realized almost nowhere

Stateless Nations

nations that do not have a state

Multinational States

a multinational state is a sovereign state, which is viewed as comprising two or more nations

Multistate Nations

a nation that stretches across borders and across states

Autonomous Region

sections of a nation that have a degree of independence in several issues

Sovereignty

ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states

Self Determination

the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government

Semi Autonomous Region

largely self-governing within a larger political or organizational entity

Colonialism

rule by autonomous power over subordinate people and places

Imperialism

the extension or imposition of power, authority, or influence

Independence Movement

effort by people to create a new sovereign state in a place inside of another state (devolution failed)

Devolution

the process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government

Neocolonialism

the entrenchment of the colonial order, such as trade and investment under a new guise

Shatterbelt

a region "whose internal, geographical, cultural, religious, and political fragmentation is compounded by pressures from external major powers attracted by the region's strategic location and economic resources

Choke Point

a strategic narrow route providing passage through or to another region

Territoriality

the connection of people, their culture, and their economic systems to the land

Boundary

a line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line

Relic Boundary

a boundary that has ceased to function but can still be detected on the cultural landscape; it no longer exists as an international boundary

Superimposed Boundary

a boundary that has been imposed on an area by an outside or conquering power; this boundary ignores the cultural organizations on this landscape

Subsequent Boundary

a boundary that is established during the process of intensive settlement

Geometric Boundary

a boundary that is formed by one or more straight lines and/or arcs

Consequent Boundary

a subsequent boundary that is created to accommodate a region’s cultural diversity

Antecedent Boundary

a boundary that was drawn before the cultural landscape emerged and before a large population was present

Demilitarized Zones

an area from which weapons and military forces have been removed

Maritime Boundary

a conceptual division of the Earth's water surface areas using physiographic or geopolitical criteria

UNCLOS (The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)

rights and responsibilities of nations in the use of international waters, established territorial seas, and exclusive economic zones

Italian Peninsula

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English Channel

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Mediterranean Sea

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Jutland Peninsula

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Ural Mountains

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Scandinavian Peninsula

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Norwegian Sea

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Iberian Peninsula

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Pyrenees Mountains

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Balkan Peninsula

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Italy

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Spain

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United Kingdom

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Norway

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Greece

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Finland

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Sweden

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Portugal

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France

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Germany

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