human geography

240 social studies practice

primary groups

a group of people who have frequent close interactions & intimacy with others in the group

battle hymn of the republic

famous song written in 1861 by julia ward howe about union forces fighting during the civil war

human development index (hdi)

evaluates human development comprehensively by measuring aspects of health, education, and standard of living for a given group. used by policymakers & sociologists

norman rockwell

his works display typical american scenes & representation of american cultures

social solidarity

when a society is brought together by common values, work, kinship or education

yankee doodle

folk song written in the late 1700s, sang by british soldiers making fun of americans but made into a patriotic revolutionary song

el nino

phenomenon in which temperature becomes warmer than usual near the equator, changes weather patterns. clear effects in australia and u.s

eerie canal

a man made navigable water route from the great lakes to the atlantic ocean (nyc’s hudson river)

steppes

an area found far from the ocean in the middle of latitudes, it is marked by extreme seasons

secondary groups

a group of people who have little close interaction or intimacy

panama canal

a man made waterway in panama that connects the atlantic ocean with the pacific ocean

american progress (painting)

1827, depicts manifest destiny

qualitative data

data which is described rather than measured (color, shape, smell, opinions)

quantative data

data which is measured & usually expressed numerically (distance, time, temp, test scores)

suez canal

a man made navigable water route from the mediterranean sea to the red sea

john james audubon

american ornithologist, naturalists and painter. known for in depth study of birds

rain shadow effect

the phenomenon in which desert like conditions appear on the leeward side of a mountain range (over & down on a mountain peak)

matrix of domination

paradigm showing how race, gender,& social class interact & relate to an individual’s social standing (inequality of women in the business world) all 3 should be evaluated together & are interlinked

transcontinental railroad

built between 1863 & 1869, connected the atlantic & pacific ocean

reclamation

creating new, usable land or returning land to a former use

andy warhol

known for developing pop art movement

negative sanctions in socialization

dissaproval of activities in a society

surrealism

cultural &artistic movements beginning in the 1920s, brought down rational, traditional values & forced new perspectives on the viewer (dali, kahlo & picasso)

gulf stream

a strong, warm current in the atlantic ocean which accelerates as it travels up the east coast of north america & shoots out into the open ocean towards europe

population pyramid

chart that shows the distribution of a population by age & gender

georgia o’keeffe

american modernist painter known for her well known detailed flowers & landscapes. “mother of american modernism”

sociologcal institutions

groups of people who have come together for a common purpose & have common norms which guide behavior & meet basic needs in the group/institution

transcendentalism

literary movement of the american romantic period in which authors embraced idealism, nature & rejected materialism

savannah

area marked by seasonal rains

positive sanctions in socialization

approval of certain activities in societies

american modernism

occurred after wwi/wwii. rejected enlightenment thining & focused on life in the newly industrialized world. made america the center of the art world

orographic lift

redirection of the wind when it is forced to travel up a mountain then down

henry david thoreau

writer, philosopher & transcendentalist. known for “walden”

bering land bridge

area of land exposed during the last ice age in what is now the bering strait between modern day russia/alask. used by prehistoric humans to migrate into the western hemisphere

sociological structures

the organization & relationships in social institutions that guide individuals in the way they behave & interact with each other

taiga

an area found in the high latitudes & far from the ocean

humid subtropical

an area found in the middle of latitudes along the southeastern coast of continents

canal

a man made waterway made to allow boats to pass through or to transport water for irrigation purposes

social stratification

the ranking of people in a society into various levels, often bases on wealth or power

tropical rainforest

an area with the high temperature & precipitation year round. often has high humidity

humid continental

an area found inland in the middle latitudes. it is marked by four distinct seasons

tundra

an area with cold temperatures and little to no precipitation. generally found near the poles

abstract

popular around wwii. uses color & shape to create meaning & represent objects, landscapes & people