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Myer's Psychology for AP Second Edition
Social Psychology
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Attribution Theory
the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition
Fundamental Attribution Error
the tendency for observers, when analyzing other’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of person disposition
Attitude
feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, peoples, and events.
Peripheral Route Persuasion
occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness
Central Route Persuasion
occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.
Foot-in-the-Door Phenonmenon
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a large request
role
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
the theory that we act to reduct the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconstant. For example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes
Conformity
adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
Normative Social Influence
influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Informational Social Influence
influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality
Social Facilitation
improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
Social Loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
Deindividualization
the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in a group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Group Polarization
the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.
Groupthink
the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternates
Culture
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
Norm
an understood rule for accepted and expect behavior.
Prejudice
an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members
Sterotype
a generalized belief about a group of people
Discrimination
unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group of people and its members
Just-World Phenonmenon
the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Ingroup
“us”-people with whom we share a common identity
Outgroup
“them”-those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup
Ingroup Bias
the tendency to favor our own group
Scapegoat Theory
the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Otherrace Effect
the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races
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