AP Lang Sem 1 Vocab - Michelin

speaker

identity (RS)

occasion

when/where (RS)

audience

reader/viewer/listener (RS)

context

circumstances (RS)

exigence

compel (RS)

purpose

goal (to + verb + specifics) (RS)

sensory details

deliberate word choice that awakens the senses + creates a mental picture for the reader (SC)

dialogue

direct speech (SC)

expanded moment

snapshot in time lengthened w/ specific details (SC)

personification

giving human characteristics to inanimate objects/ideas (SC)

alliteration

series of words that begin w/ the same consonant sound (SC)

onomatopoeia

formation or use of words that imitate sound (SC)

rhyme

word that corresponds w/ another in sound, especially end sound (SC)

simile

comparison of 2 unlike objects using “like” or “as” (SC)

metaphor

comparison of 2 unlike items not using “like” or “as” (SC)

analogy

extended comparison that uses knowledge of one idea as a blueprint to understand another, often more challenging, concept (SC)

antonomasia

substituting a descriptive phrase for a proper name (SC)

oxymoron

word choice illustrates a paradox or contradiction (SC)

metonymy

particular object to stand for a general concept (SC)

hyphenated modifier

series of words connected with hyphens that act as an original modifier (SC)

hyperbole

exaggeration (SC)

litote understatement

understatement (SC)

rhetorical question

question left unanswered because the answer is obvious or obviously desired (SC)

parallelism

use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same or similar in their construction, sound, meaning, or meter (SC)

anaphora

repeated word or phrase at the beginning of sentences (SC)

epistrophe

repeated word or phrase at the end of sentences (SC)

antithesis

parallel words or sentence structures to highlight contrasts/opposition (SC)

inverted word order

rearranged of the typical SVO sentence structure (SC)

intentional fragment

incomplete sentence used for emphasis (SC)

jargon

specialized language particular to a group of people (SC)

colloquial language

language of daily speech: informal conversational (SC)

connotation

emotional or cultural meaning of a word (SC)

denotation

dictionary definition (SC)

pun

play on words (SC)

punctuation

enhances meaning + style (SC)

exigence

compelled rhetoric to produce text (JRF)

audience

intended receivers (JRF)

purpose

goal (JRF)

rhetorical situation

exigence, audience, purpose (JRF)

logos

logic; connection between speaker and message (JRF)

ethos

credibility; connection between speaker and audience (JRF)

pathos

emotion; connection between audience and message (JRF)

appeals

ethos, pathos, logos (JRF)

diction

word choice (JRF)

syntax

sentence structure (JRF)

organization/structure/form

line of reasoning (JRF)

imagery + allusion

sensory details + references (JRF)

figurative language

simile, metaphor, analogy, hyperbole (JRF)

surface features

diction, syntax, imagery + allusion, figurative language (JRF)

security + freedom

american tension (S+F)

individual + community

american tension (I+C)

tradition + change

american tension (T+C)

line of reasoning

thesis, claim, evidence, commentary (LOR)

thesis

overarching claim that asserts a debatable position on an issue (LOR)

claim

reasoning for thesis (LOR)

evidence

supports reasons and extends logic presented (LOR)

commentary

provides audience an understanding of how the evidence advances the reasoning suggested by the claim (LOR)

thesis

overarching, debatable, and controversial assertion writer seeks to prove in the essay (A)

reason

answers question “why?” (A)

evidence

supports reason with specific stats, studies, surveys, polls, expert opinion, experiences, observations, events, analogies, or anecdotes (A)

commentary

offering of writer’s perspective to support how the evidence supports the claim (A)

context

circumstances to bring the reader up to speed (A)

counterargument

opposing viewpoint to help reach a more nuances understanding of the issue (A)

qualifier

limitations on the claim (A)

warrant

belief, assumption, value that the argument rests on (A)

backing

evidence for the warrant (A)

rhetorical fallacies

mistakes writers make when writing an argument that disprove or discredit the writer (RF)

scare tactics

using fear to exaggerate a situation (RF)

either-or choices

using 2 choices that are both bad but the current one seems better to convince reader that what happened was the right thing to do (RF)

slippery slope

portrays today’s tiny misstep as tomorrow’s slide into disaster (RF)

sentimental appeals

use tender emotion excessively to distract readers from facts (RF)

bandwagon appeals

just people everyone is doing it, so should you (RF)

appeals to false authority

using the wrong expert to offer evidence (RF)

dogmatism

using extreme opinions to prove/disprove (RF)

ad hominem

attacks the character of a person rather than what they believe (RF)

hasty generalization

because one thing happens, all of those things are _ (RF)

faulty causality

false assumption that because one event or action follows another, the first causes the second (RF)

begging the question

no evidence of authority (RF)

equivocation

using a verb with the wrong meaning to cover the fact (RF)

non sequitur

no connection to evidence (RF)

faulty analogy

creating comparison to the point you prove yourself wrong (RF)