AP World UNIT 2 REVIEW (Everything you NEED to KNOW!)
Overview of AP World History Unit 2 focusing on networks of exchange
Emphasis on connections between states through trading routes
Mention of three major networks of exchange: Silk Roads, Indian Ocean Network, Trans Saharan Trade
General developments among the major networks of exchange:
Geographic expansion of networks
Innovations in commercial practices and technology
Increased wealth and power of states participating
Impact on rise and fall of states and cities
Distinct features of Silk Road:
Stretched across Eurasia
Traded luxury goods like Chinese silk and porcelain
Innovations facilitating expansion of Silk Roads:
Caravanserai providing inns and safety
Development of money economies and new forms of credit
Rise of powerful trading cities like Kashgar along the Silk Roads
Expansion of Indian Ocean routes due to understanding of monsoon winds
Trade of common goods like textiles and spices, along with luxury goods
Contrast with Silk Roads in terms of traded goods and transportation capacity
Magnetic Compass: Helped merchants navigate the ocean.
Allowed knowing the direction on the ocean.
Improved Astrolabe: Assisted in measuring stars for latitude and longitude.
Comparing stars with charts aided navigation.
New Ship Designs: Chinese junk ships with large cargo holds.
Enabled transportation of goods across the ocean.
Introduction of Credit: Similar to practices on the Silk Road.
Facilitated trade and economic growth.
Swahili City States: Acted as brokers for goods from the African interior.
Grew in power and wealth through trade.
Diaspora Communities: Settlements of ethnic people in locations away from their homeland.
Led to cultural intermingling and spread of Islam.
Cultural Diffusion: Influence of Muslim merchants on Swahili states.
Emergence of Swahili language blending Bantu and Arabic words.
Zheng He's Voyages: Spread of China's maritime technology and cultural exchanges.
Contributed to the Indian Ocean network's development.
Innovations in Transportation: Expansion of the network due to transportation technologies.
Introduction of new and improved camel saddle for transporting cargo.
Empire of Mali: Conversion to Islam in the 9th century.
Grew wealthy through gold trade and taxing merchants.
Peak under Mansa Musa's leadership in the 14th century.
Cultural Consequences:
Transfer of Religion: Spread of belief systems across networks.
Environmental Consequences:
No details provided in the transcript.
Spread of Buddhism
Originated in South Asia
Entered China via Silk Roads by merchants and missionaries
Cultural Consequences of Connectivity
Literary and artistic transfers worldwide
Islamic scholars in Baghdad translated Greek and Roman classics into Arabic
Works later transferred to Europe, leading to the Renaissance
Transfer of scientific and technological innovations
Gunpowder invented in China, spread to Muslim empires and Eastern European states
Rise and Fall of Cities
Rise: Hangzhou in China due to trade facilitated by the Grand Canal
Fall: Baghdad destroyed by Mongol armies in 1258
Increased Interconnectivity
Facilitated travelers like Ibn Battuta who wrote about their experiences
Transfer of Crops and Diseases
Champa rice introduced to China, leading to increased food production
Bubonic plague spread through trading routes, causing massive deaths in the Middle East and Europe
Mongol Empire
Replaced powerful empires like the Song dynasty and Abbasid Empire
Facilitated networks of exchange and increased trade along the Silk Roads
Encouraged communication and cooperation, known as the Pax Mongolica
Facilitated technological and cultural transfers, adopting the Uyghur script for
Overview of AP World History Unit 2 focusing on networks of exchange
Emphasis on connections between states through trading routes
Mention of three major networks of exchange: Silk Roads, Indian Ocean Network, Trans Saharan Trade
General developments among the major networks of exchange:
Geographic expansion of networks
Innovations in commercial practices and technology
Increased wealth and power of states participating
Impact on rise and fall of states and cities
Distinct features of Silk Road:
Stretched across Eurasia
Traded luxury goods like Chinese silk and porcelain
Innovations facilitating expansion of Silk Roads:
Caravanserai providing inns and safety
Development of money economies and new forms of credit
Rise of powerful trading cities like Kashgar along the Silk Roads
Expansion of Indian Ocean routes due to understanding of monsoon winds
Trade of common goods like textiles and spices, along with luxury goods
Contrast with Silk Roads in terms of traded goods and transportation capacity
Magnetic Compass: Helped merchants navigate the ocean.
Allowed knowing the direction on the ocean.
Improved Astrolabe: Assisted in measuring stars for latitude and longitude.
Comparing stars with charts aided navigation.
New Ship Designs: Chinese junk ships with large cargo holds.
Enabled transportation of goods across the ocean.
Introduction of Credit: Similar to practices on the Silk Road.
Facilitated trade and economic growth.
Swahili City States: Acted as brokers for goods from the African interior.
Grew in power and wealth through trade.
Diaspora Communities: Settlements of ethnic people in locations away from their homeland.
Led to cultural intermingling and spread of Islam.
Cultural Diffusion: Influence of Muslim merchants on Swahili states.
Emergence of Swahili language blending Bantu and Arabic words.
Zheng He's Voyages: Spread of China's maritime technology and cultural exchanges.
Contributed to the Indian Ocean network's development.
Innovations in Transportation: Expansion of the network due to transportation technologies.
Introduction of new and improved camel saddle for transporting cargo.
Empire of Mali: Conversion to Islam in the 9th century.
Grew wealthy through gold trade and taxing merchants.
Peak under Mansa Musa's leadership in the 14th century.
Cultural Consequences:
Transfer of Religion: Spread of belief systems across networks.
Environmental Consequences:
No details provided in the transcript.
Spread of Buddhism
Originated in South Asia
Entered China via Silk Roads by merchants and missionaries
Cultural Consequences of Connectivity
Literary and artistic transfers worldwide
Islamic scholars in Baghdad translated Greek and Roman classics into Arabic
Works later transferred to Europe, leading to the Renaissance
Transfer of scientific and technological innovations
Gunpowder invented in China, spread to Muslim empires and Eastern European states
Rise and Fall of Cities
Rise: Hangzhou in China due to trade facilitated by the Grand Canal
Fall: Baghdad destroyed by Mongol armies in 1258
Increased Interconnectivity
Facilitated travelers like Ibn Battuta who wrote about their experiences
Transfer of Crops and Diseases
Champa rice introduced to China, leading to increased food production
Bubonic plague spread through trading routes, causing massive deaths in the Middle East and Europe
Mongol Empire
Replaced powerful empires like the Song dynasty and Abbasid Empire
Facilitated networks of exchange and increased trade along the Silk Roads
Encouraged communication and cooperation, known as the Pax Mongolica
Facilitated technological and cultural transfers, adopting the Uyghur script for