The reproductive system

What are Gamete ?

haploid cell

What Is the Male gamete?

spermatozoa

What is the Female gamete?

oocyte or ovum

What is the Pelvic floor

internal wall of skeletal muscle that separates the pelvic cavity and the perineum

Pelvic roof

formed by parietal peritoneum

Parietal peritoneum

lining of abdominal cavity and firmly attached to walls

Perineum

inferior to pelvic floor, situated between the proximal parts of lower limbs

Peritoneal cavity

space between visceral and parietal cavity

what are the layers of the uterus wall ?

• Perimetrium (outer)

• Myometrium (middle)

• Endometrium (internal

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Labia majora

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Clitoris

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Valvular vestibule

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Mons pubis

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Labia minora

Anterflexed

uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

Anteverted

cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)

• Double folding of the peritoneum between the rectum and the posterior wall of the uterus

• Most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity in an upright female patient

Utero-vesicle pouch

Double folding of peritoneum between the anterior surface of the uterus and the bladder

Characteristics of the Ovaries

• located laterally in the pelvic cavity

• Develops on  the posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis

• Secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary hormones

What arteries supply the uterus ?

Iliac artery provides blood to the uterus

Ovulation

1. Ova released from ovaries into peritoneal cavity

2. Ovum gathered by fimbriae into infundibulum of uterine tube

3. Ovum moved along uterine tube by cilia until it reaches the uterus

Menstruation

During menstruation, an unfertilised ovum is expelled by contractions of the myometrium

where does Fertilisation usually occurs ?

usually occurs in the ampulla

where does Implantataion usually occurs ?

usually occurs in the body of the uterus

Ectopic pregnancy

fertilised ovum implants outside of the uterine cavity

What are the external organs of the male reproductive system?

• Penis

• Scrotum→ testes

What are the internal organs of the male reproductive system?

• System of ducts→ sperm travels → ejaculation

• Accessory sex glands→ vas deferens, prostate gland, seminal glands, penis

Rectrovesical pouch

• Double folding of peritoneum located between the rectum and the bladder

• It is the lowest part of the peritoneum wall when a patient is

what Is the Development of the testes?

• During development, the testis originate on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

• By birth they have descended into the scrotum through the anterior abdominal wall

Route of Sperm from Testes to Urethra

Seminiferous tubules → rete testis → head of the epidermis → vas deferens

Vas deferens → seminal gland → ejaculatory duct → urethra

what does the Spermatic cord contains?

• Vas deferens

• Testicular artery

• Pampiniform plexus of veins

Pathway for sperm ejaculation

• Sperm travel from testes → vas deferens (in spermatic cord).

• Spermatic cord passes through anterior abdominal wall to reach pelvic cavity.

• Vas deferens joins duct of seminal gland → forms ejaculatory duct.

• Right & left ejaculatory ducts unite inside prostate → open into urethra.

• Urethra exits body at external urethral meatus (penis).

Torsion of the testis

• Twisting of the spermatic cord

• Disrupts blood supply - severe pain, danger of necrosis

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Uterine isthmus 

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Uterine body

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Fundus

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Round ligaments 

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Cardinal Ligaments 

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Mesometrium 

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Uterosacral ligaments 

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Cervix 

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Vagina 

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Bladder

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Rectum 

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Sacrum

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The right van deferens

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The right seminar gland 

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The right ejaculatory duct 

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The prostate gland 

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The prostatic urethra 

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The right van deferens 

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The right epididymis 

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the right testis 

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The scrotum 

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The external urethral meatus 

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The spongy urethra

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Pampiniform plexus

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Testicular artery

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Heard of the epididymis 

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Rete testis 

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Dartos muscle 

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seminiferous tubules 

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Tail of the epididymis 

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spermatic cord 

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Vas deferens