PMLS LEC-1

dandan

vein

incision

derived from the Greek words phlebos, “,” and tome,“______”

Phlebotomy

is the act of drawing or removing blood from the circulatory system through a cut (incision) or puncture in order to obtain a sample for analysis and diagnosis.

Venipuncture

the collection of blood from a vein which is usually done for laboratory testing.

T

T/F

other medical personnel, such as nurses or medical assistants might draw blood

F

T/F

Perform front-office duties, current procedural terminology coding, and paperwork is not a duty of a phlebotomist.

F

T/F

Only Medical Technicians can prepare and process specimens

T

T/F

All healthcare professionals can be trained to obtain blood through phlebotomy.

Certification

is a voluntary process by which an agency grants recognition to an individual who has met certain prerequisites in a particular technical area.

PBT(ASCP)

American Society for Clinical Pathology

Certification Initials:

CPT(NHA)

National Healthcareer Association Certification Initials:

RPT (AMT)

American Medical Technologists

Certification Initials:

NCPT(NCCT)

National Center for Competency Testing

Certification Initials:

Philippine National Red Cross.

In the Philippines, phlebotomy trainings are usually provided by certified organizations such as the _________

Continuing education

is designed to update the knowledge or skills of participants and is generally geared to a learning activity or course of study for a specific group of health professionals

Professionalism

This is defined as the conduct and qualities that characterize a professional person.

self-confidence

A phlebotomist who exhibits ____________ has the ability to trust his or her own personal judgment.

integrity or honesty

Professional standards of_____________require a person to do what is right regardless of the circumstances and in all situations and interactions.

compassion

A phlebotomist may show ___________by appreciating the fear that illness or the unknown generates, by using empathy to sense others’ experiences,

self-motivation

A phlebotomist who exhibits_____ takes initiative to follow through on tasks, consistently strives to improve and correct behavior, and takes advantage of every learning opportunity that may come along.

dependable

An individual who is ______ and takes personal responsibility for his or her actions is extremely refreshing in today’s environment.

Ethical Behavior

A phlebotomist should know that there are policies designed to regulate what should or should not be done by those who work in the healthcare setting.

first do no harm

The Hippocratic oath includes the phrase primum non nocere, which means “__________.”

appearance

The phlebotomist’s _______will directly affect the patient’s perception of trust.

T

\
T/F

Unauthorized release of information concerning a patient is considered an invasion of privacy.

vein; cutting

One important surgical technique performed during the earlier periods was venesection (cutting a vein), used in the process of bloodletting. Venesection, which comes from the Latin words vena, “______,”__ and sectio__, “_____”—

Stone Age

crude tools were used to puncture vessels and allow excess blood to drain out of the body.

1210’; Long Robe; Short Robe

Early in the Middle Ages, barber–surgeons flourished. By ____,__ the Guild of Barber–Surgeons had been formed; it divided the surgeons into Surgeons of the __ and Surgeons of the ________.

striped pole; bleeding bowl

To distinguish their profession from that of the Long Robe surgeon, barber–surgeons placed a ___, from which a ______ was suspended,

pole; bandages

The ____ represented the rod squeezed by the patient to promote bleeding and the white stripe corresponded to th__e__ _______, which were also used as tourniquets.

17th and early 18th

During the___________centuries, phlebotomy was considered a major therapeutic (treatment) process, and anyone willing to claim medical training could perform phlebotomy.

lancet,

the most prevalent medica linstrument of the times.

F

T/F

The usual amount of blood withdrawn was approximately 15 mL, but excessive phlebotomy was common.

F

T/F

The art of leeching required a great deal of practice to maintain the high degree of dexterity

cup

Cupping involved the application of a heated suction apparatus, called the “____” to the skin to draw the blood to the surface.

fleam

wide double-edged blade at right angles to the handle.

F

T/F

The blades were wiped clean with only a rag and water; therefore, they readily transmitted a host of blood-borne infections from patient to patient.

Fleams

______ were used for general phlebotomy to open an artery or, more commonly, a vein to remove large amounts of blood.

Leeches

Hirudo medicinalis

This procedure involved enticing the _____________, a European medicinal leech, to the spot needing bloodletting with a drop of milk or blood on the patient’s skin.

Europe

By the mid-18th century, leeching was widely practiced in ______,

Venipuncture

involves collecting blood by penetrating a vein with a needle and syringe or other collection apparatus

Capillary puncture,

involves collecting blood after puncturing the skin with a lancet

T

T/F

Even if a doctor has ordered a blood draw or injection, the patient has the right to refuse any
venipuncture.

Assault

is defined as making someone fear that you will use force to harm them.

battery.

If a phlebotomist intentionally holds a patient down or uses more force than necessary, he has committed _______

use of a contaminated needle.

Another issue that falls into the category of assault and battery is __________

F

\
T/F

A patient has a right to confidentiality regarding only the information including their diagnosis and treatment

duty, breach, cause, and harm

Negligence involves four elements:

Malpractice

is a term for the type of civil lawsuits that patients generally bring against medical practitioners who have failed to follow the standard of care.

Outpatient

Offer routine care in physician’s office to
specialized care in a freestanding
ambulatory setting

Inpatient

Offer specialized instrumentation and
technology to assist in unusual diagnoses
and treatments

F

T/F

Inpatient setting serve primary care physicians who assume ongoing responsibility for maintaining patients’ health

Inpatient

Out or In:

Serve tertiary care practitioners

F

T/F

Ambulatory setting serve tertiary care physicians who perform routine surgery, emergency treatments, therapeutic radiology, and so on in same-day service centers

Hospital

what type:

Primary task is to provide short-term care for people with severe health issues

Ambulatory Surgical
Center

what type:

Offer a safe environment for the surgery and basic monitoring during the initial post-operation hours

Doctor’s Office

what type:

Provide routine care as well as treatment for acute conditions

Urgent Care Clinic

what type:

Walk-in clinics that offer outpatient care immediately

Nursing Home

what type:

Designed for patients who require constant care but do not need to be hospitalized and cannot be cared for at home

F; General Facilities/Hospital

T/F

Jose Reyes Memorial Medical Center is a type of

Specialty Center/Hospital

level 3

What level:

Dialysis clinic

Blood bank

level 3

what level:

physical medicine

ambulatory surgical clinic

level 2

what level:

respiratory unit

Tertiary clinical lab

1

which does not belong


1. high risk pregnancy unit
2. surgical/ maternity facilities
3. isolation facilities
4. pharmacy

F

T/F

Blood station is included in the level 1 hospital services only.

\

F

T/F

Secondary Clinical Laboratory is included in the level 2 hospital services

The Sender has an Idea to Communicate

What element of communication process:

A phlebotomist wants to tell the patient that the patient must relax and keep still while the procedure is ongoing.

The Sender Encodes the Idea in a Message

What element of communication process:

A phlebotomist tells verbally to the patient, that the patient must relax and keep still while the procedure is ongoing.

The Message Travels over a Channel

What element of communication process:

A phlebotomist tells verbally to the patient face-to-face, that the patient must relax and keep still while the procedure is ongoing with a warm smile.

The Receiver Decodes the Message

What element of communication process:

A phlebotomist tells verbally to the patient face-to-face, that the patient must relax and keep still while the procedure is ongoing with a warm smile, and the patient followed diligently despite being afraid of the procedure.

The Receiver Understands the Message and Sends Feedback to the Sender

What element of communication process:

“I have received your message, and I understand it.”

2

which is false

(1) Anything that inhibits effective communication can be labeled noise.

(2) noise has to prevent one or both parties from audibly hearing the other.

Active listening

_______ means taking positive steps through feedback to ensure that the listener is interpreting what the speaker is saying exactly as the speaker intended.

T

T/F

The phlebotomist will find that listening carefully to what is being said is particularly valuable in building rapport with patients.

F

T/F

The effectiveness of the nonverbal communication depends on the tone of the speaker, clarity of speech, volume, speed, body language and the quality of words used in the conversation.

T

T/F

The sender must keep his speech tone high and clearly audible to all and must design the subject matter keeping the target audience in mind.

Kinesics

This includes characteristics of body motion and language such as facial expression, gestures, and eye contact.

Body language

___________, which most often is conveyed unintentionally, plays a major role in communication because it is continuous and more reliable than verbal communication.

Yes

Is both true?

(1) In fact, if the verbal and nonverbal messages do not match, it is called a kinesic slip.

(2) When this happens, people tend to trust what they see rather than what they hear.

Proxemics

This is the study of an individual’s concept and use of space.

zone of comfort

Every individual is surrounded by an invisible “bubble” of personal territory in which he or she feels most comfortable. The size of the bubble or territorial “________” depends on the individual’s needs at the time.

* Intimate 1 to 8 inches
* Personal 1 1⁄2 to 4 feet
* Social 4 to 12 feet
* Public More than 12 feet

identify radius

* Intimate
* Personal
* Social
* Public

Touch

This special type of nonverbal communication is very important to the well-being of human beings and even more so to those suffering from disease.

F

T/F

Because body language is a necessary part of the phlebotomy procedure, it is important for the phlebotomist to realize that, patients are often much more aware of your touch than you are of theirs.

bedside manner

A phlebotomist who lacks a good ________ (the ability to communicate empathically with the patient) increases the chances of patient distrust and misunderstanding.

Empathy

What element

A health professional who recognizes the needs of the patient and allows the patient to express his or her emotions helps to validate the patient’s feelings and gives the patient a very necessary sense of control.

No

is bolth true?

(1)Many patients perceive themselves as able to cope physically or mentally with events in a hospital because they have are aware that they can refuse and have control.

(2)Consequently, the typical response of the patient is to act angry, which characterizes him or her as a “bad patient,” or to act extremely dependent and agreeable, which characterizes him or her as a “good patient.”

T

T/F

If a patient refuses to have blood drawn, the phlebotomist should allow that statement of control to be expressed and even agree with the patient.

Respect

It is an attitude that conveys an understanding of the importance of that person as an individual.

Respect

which element breaks this action:

Too often, busy healthcare workers resort to labeling patients when communicating with
coworkers and even with patients themselves. They may say, for example, “Oh, you’re the one with
no veins” or “You’re the bleeder, right?”

Trust

is the unquestioning belief by the patient that health professionals are performing their job responsibilities as well as they possibly can.

T

T/F

As is true with most professionals, healthcare providers tend to emphasize their technical expertise while sometimes completely ignoring the elements of interpersonal communication that are essential in a trusting relationship with the patient.

NO

Is both true?

(1) Phlebotomy is both a technical and a self-improving profession.

(2)Trust and Respect are important tools utilized in all steps of phlebotomy.

b

exception: In communicating to elderly with visual impairment,

\
a. Identify yourself

b. Speak at your normal rate - not too rapidly

c. Explain any procedure being done

d. Speak directly to the person

all are correct

exception; Communicating to elderly with hearing impairment

\
a. Speak at your normal rate - not too rapidly ›

b. Face the person

c. Never speak directly into the person's ear

d. Include the person in all discussions about him/her

1-3

identify what year/s-old?

* Child will understand simple commands and may choose to cooperate
* Allow child to touch supplies

3-5

identify what year/s-old?

* Try using familiar cartoon characters with the explanation
* Child may pretend he or she is doctor and will "help" with the procedure

1-3

at what age will a phlebotomist introduce his/herself to a child?

6-12

identify what year/s-old?

* Child may be interested in health concepts "Why" and "How".
* Explain why the blood is needed

13-17

identify what year/s-old?

* Use adult vocabulary, do not talk down
* Ask if he or she would like to help with the procedure
* Allow time for questions or to handle supplies

With Special Needs

whom to use strategies that are appropriate for the developmental stage