Review of Moral Philosophy Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts and arguments against moral relativism presented by Mark Timmons, focusing on the definitions and implications of moral theories discussed in the lecture.

What is moral relativism?

The view that moral judgments are true or false only relative to some particular standpoint (e.g., a culture) and that there are no objective moral principles.

What is the context sensitivity thesis?

The thesis that moral norms can depend on the context of particular situations without committing to moral relativism.

What does Mark Timmons argue about self-professed moral relativists?

He claims many self-identified moral relativists are actually committed to other theses that do not entail moral relativism.

What are the three arguments Timmons presents against moral relativism?

1. The moral argument against relativism. 2. The argument from genuine disagreement. 3. The moral reformer argument.

How does Timmons use Dostoyevsky's excerpt in his argument?

He uses it to illustrate that some actions (like child abuse) can be judged as inherently immoral regardless of cultural norms.

What is the argument from genuine disagreement?

If moral relativism is true, many disagreements would not be genuine; however, we often engage in meaningful moral debates, suggesting that moral relativism is false.

What is the moral reformer argument?

It posits that moral reformers can rightly challenge their culture’s norms; if these norms were correct according to moral relativism, the reformers would be mistaken.

What is the difference between cultural moral relativism and descriptive moral diversity?

Cultural moral relativism asserts that moral truths are relative to cultures, while descriptive moral diversity simply acknowledges that different cultures have different moral practices.

What does Timmons say about moral tolerance?

He argues that one can be tolerant of different moral views without adopting moral relativism, as one can believe in objective moral norms that support tolerance.

How does Timmons conclude his argument against moral relativism?

He emphasizes that rejecting moral relativism does not lead to intolerance and that it is possible to advocate for moral diversity while maintaining a commitment to objective moral truths.