Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Properties of cartilage

collagen fibers
avascular
semi rigid- flexibility

Cell of the cartilage

chondrocytes found in the lacunae

chondrocytes

responsible for the production of collagen and the extracellular matrix that will lead to the maintenance of cartilaginous tissues within joints.

Function of cartilage

support weight (discs)
protects against collapse (trachea)
increase joint mobility by reducing friction
resist compression

types of cartilage

Hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
elastic cartilage

hyaline cartilage

moderate collagen
involved in bone formation
coastal cartilage

fibrocartilage

lots of collagen
intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

elastic cartilage

collage and elastic
Ear

locations of cartilage

articular
costal
nasal
intervertebral

What is cartilage surrounded by ?

Dense irregular CT called perichondrium

Properties of bone

composed of calcium phosphate, collagen fibers, water
vascular
rigid- strong and stiff

Cell in the bone

osteocytes found in the matrix lacunae

Functions of bone

Support weight
protection (cranium, thoracic cage)
lipid and mineral regulation and storage
blood cell formation

Types of bone cells

osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts

osteoblast

a cell from which bone develops

osteocyte

passes nutrients - maintain health of bone
arise from osteoblasts

osteoclast

cell that functions in the breakdown releasing calcium into blood

types of bone

compact and spongy

Haversian Canal

central canal

Osteon

all the concentric lamellae surrounding the Haversian canal; Haversian System

Lacunae

chambers where you find the osteocytes

Concentric Lamellae

bone tissue is deposited into concentric layers surrounding the central canal

Spongy Bone

porous bone tissue that contains red bone marrow

Compact Bone

Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone

Periosteum

dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface on a bone

Osteocytes

The living cells embedded in the lacunae

long bones

bones of the arms, fingers and legs

flat bones

These bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, and skull.

diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

epiphysis

End of a long bone

spongy bones

part of bone with many small pores or spaces

compact bone

Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone

Periosteum

A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.

Endosteum

membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone

Calcification

process that hardens bones by adding calcium phosphate and collagen

endochondral ossification

growth plates- new cartilage is added
primary ossification
calcification
vascular invasion
cancellous bone diaphysis compacted
epiphyses ossify

bone development

Primary bone form
secondary bone form

primary bone formation (from new)

endochondral - long bones cartilage replaced with bone
intramembranous- Flat bone forms within a membrane of CT

secondary bone formation (after og bone absorbed)

intramembranous new bone deposited in periosteum
bone remodeling - old bone repaired and replaced

intramembranous ossification

mesenchyme cells cluster into osteoblasts
osteocytes trapped in matrix
trabecular and periosteum form
collar of compact bone form

Bone remodel

osteoclasts : bone resorption (dig pits)
osteoblasts: bone deposition (lay down calcifcation)

fracture repair

1. hematoma formation
2. fibrocart callus form
3. bony callus form
4. done