Apartheid Quiz

1910

formation of South Africa

1912

African National Congress (ANC) created; ANC famous members: Luthuli, Mandela, Sisulu, Tambo

1921

South African Communist Party (SACP) created

1943

Mandela leads a bus boycott in Alexandra, Joburg

1948-1994

apartheid

1948

National Party (NP) wins election; begins apartheid

Chief Architects of Apartheid

Malan, Strijdom, and Verwoerd (Prime Ministers)

Luthuli

• Zulu chief & Christian

• One of the faces of Defiance Campaign

• Pro-civil disobedience & nonviolent methods (Gandhi’s satygraha)

• President of ANC (1952-67) - death

• Nobel Peace Prize in 1961

Population Registration Act

• 1950

• divided South Africans into white, Asian, Coloured, and African

Suppression of Communist Act

1950

Group Areas Act

• 1950

• assigned races to different urban areas

• forced removal (mostly Africans - Sophiatown to Soweto - 1955 - created a Triompf neighborhood for whites)

• Huddleston Anglican priest

• Cato Manor in Durban 1960 - Indians

• Cape Flats in Cape Town - coloureds

1951

Creation of Homelands through Bantu Authorities Act (10 Bantustans, Verwoerd)

1952

Defiance Campaign; intiated by ANC & SAIC (South African Indian Congress)

• refusal to carry passes

• going to white areas

• ANC membership increased from 7k to 100k

• peaceful

• foundation of Congress Alliance

Bantu Education Act

1953

Public Safety Act

• 1953

• gov can declare emergency at any time

• reaction to Defiance Campaign

Criminal Law Amendment Act

• 1953

• protests not allowed

• reaction to Defiance Campaign

Freedom Charter

• 1955

• manifesto signed by major anti-Apartheid orgs demanding equal rights of all races

Treason Trial

• 1956

• arrest of 156

• charged with high treason

• conspiracy to overthrow the state by violence & replace it with a state based on communism

• Mandela & Luthuli arrested (among others)

• acquitted in 1961

Alexandra Bus Boycott

fee reversed to original one after 3 months

PAC

Pan African Congress by Robert Sobukwe formed

• Africa for Africans

Sharpeville Massacre

• 1960

• organized by PAC

• going to police stations without passes & demanding to be arrested

• internal cry

• UN Resolution

• peaceful march of thousands in Cape Town

• 69 killed, 200 wounded

• state of emergency & thousands arrested

• ANC & PAC - moderation —> militancy

  • ANC - uMkhonto (MK) - leader: Mandela

  • PAC - poqo (pure)

Rivonia Trial

• 1964

• raided Liliesleaf farm - 17 MK leaders (Sisulu)

• Mandela already imprisoned (1961 & 1962) for leaving country (Supression of Communism Act, Sabotage Act (1962), General Law Amendment Act (1963))

General Law Amendment Act

• 90-day detention law

• 1963

“I am Prepared to Die”

• 3 hr speech by Mandela in the courthouse

• Mandela & 7 others in ANC sentenced to life imprisonment