APUSH unit 1

What was a key outcome of the migrations and settlements of native populations in North America?

They developed distinct and increasingly complex societies by adapting to their diverse environments.

What were the main food staples for the Mayans and Aztecs in their organized societies?

Corn.

What societal structure did the Incas rely on for agriculture?

Potatoes.

What characterized the native societies in North America compared to those in Central and South America?

They were smaller and less sophisticated.

Which cultural development was notable regarding the languages spoken by Native Americans?

There were 20 language families with 400 distinct languages.

What was a significant environmental adaptation of the Southwest Settlements?

Farming supported by irrigation.

Name one way the people of the Northwest Settlements showcased their culture.

Through totem poles.

What was the primary resource used by Great Plains tribes for subsistence?

Buffalo.

What was the significance of Cahokia among Midwest settlements?

It was the largest settlement in the Midwest.

What political structure was established by the Iroquois in New York?

The Iroquois Confederation.

What led to significant demographic changes in the Americas during the Columbian Exchange?

The introduction of diseases like smallpox and measles.

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas establish?

It divided the Americas between Spain and Portugal.

How did European exploration impact Native American populations?

It led to significant population declines due to disease and conflict.

What was the encomienda system?

A system where the king of Spain granted land and natives to individual Spaniards.

Who was Bartolomé de Las Casas and what was his contribution?

He advocated for better treatment of Native Americans and persuaded the king to implement the New Laws of 1542.

What agricultural products did Europeans learn about as a result of the Columbian Exchange?

Beans, corn, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, and tobacco.

What was the main goal of the Spanish, Portuguese, and Protestant countries regarding their religious beliefs?

To spread their versions of Christianity to other parts of the world.

What major advantage did the French have in their relations with Native Americans?

They viewed them as potential economic and military allies and maintained good relations.

What was a significant result of European expansion into the Western Hemisphere for European societies?

Generation of intense social, religious, political, and economic competition.

How did Native Americans initially respond to European traders?

They engaged in trade and shared knowledge.

What was a consequence of the introduction of horses to Plains tribes?

They shifted from farming to a nomadic lifestyle focused on hunting Buffalo.

What role did the Dutch West India Company play in the Americas?

It controlled trade and economic gains in the areas they claimed.

What armed conflict resulted from Spanish attempts to impose their religion on Native Americans?

The Pueblo Revolt.

What was the main effect of the Atlantic slave trade during the European exploration period?

The establishment of a forced labor system in the Americas.

What did the division of the Americas in the Treaty of Tordesillas symbolize regarding European power dynamics?

It represented a competition for territorial claims and resources between Spain and Portugal.