Macromolecules
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Last updated 8:21 PM on 12/9/22
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38 Terms
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What monomer makes up carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
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What monomer makes up protein?
Amino Acid
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What monomer makes up nucleic
acid?
acid?
Nucleotide
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What monomer makes up lipids?
"Fatty Acid"
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What is condensation reaction?
A chemical reaction where water is produced when two molecules are combined into one.
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What is hydrolysis?
A chemical reaction where water is added to create two molecules from one.
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Carbohydrates are composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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Proteins are composed of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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Nucleic Acid is composed of
carbon, hydrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen
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Lipids ars composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus
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3 parts of nucelotides
A nitrogenous base, phosphate group, and 5 carbon sugar
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How many strands is RNA
single stranded
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How many strands is DNA
double stranded
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4 elements of protein structure
Primary, secondary tertiary, and quaternary
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Carbon is the
structures upon which the rest of the molecule is built
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Nitrogen is used to
Used to build proteins and nucleic acids
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Phosphorous is used to
build nucleic acids and certain lipids
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Monosaccharides are
simple sugars
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Simple sugars include
glucose, fructose, and galactose
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What type of sugar is glucose?
the main source of cellular energy
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What type of sugar is fructose?
a sugar found naturally in fruits, fruit juices, and honey.
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What type of sugar is galactose?
a sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 65% as sweet as sucrose.
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What type of sugar is sucrose?
a naturally occurring sugar found in various amounts in plants like fruits, vegetables and nuts
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What do disaccharides have?
2 monosaccharides and 2 carbon monomers
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What do polysaccharides have?
3+ monosaccharides and 3+ carbohydrate monomers
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What is the glucose formula?
C6H12O6
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Sucrose + H20 is...
glucose and fructose
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Examples of polysaccharides
starch, glycogen, cellulose (fiber)
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What is starch?
Energy storage in plants
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What is glycogen?
energy storage in animals
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What is cellulose (fiber)?
Plant structure
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Beta Glucose
Cellulose
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Alpha Glucose
Starch
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Amino acids have...
4 parts connected to a central carbon
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The 4 parts of amino acids
Single hydrogen, carboxyl group, amino group, r group
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What do dipeptides have?
2 amino acids and 2 protein monomers
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What do polypeptides have?
3+ amino acids and 3+ protein monomers
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How many amino acids are there in all living organisms?
20 different kinds
Note 
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