Gross Anatomy PT Exam 1

Apical Ectodermal Ridge

Limbs arise from this and that governs limb formation

No, because Myotomes and dermatomes are stretched down the developing limb so the torso is no longer present with the current spinal level

-Exon the thorax the C4 dermatome meets the T2 dermatome

Will myotomes and dermatomes be in a contiguous sequence of spinal level nerves?

Depressor muscles

Within a developing limb, the ventral rami pathways divide and the ventral divisions innervate development of what muscles

Elevator Muscles

The dorsal division innervates developmental what muscles

Laterally

During later development the upper limbs rotate 90 degrees which way

Medially

During later development the lower limbs rotate 90 degrees which way

Opposite direction

During development before the limbs rotate joint flexion appears to bend in what direcction

-Depressor muscles are now mostly limb flexors

-Elevator muscles are now mostly limb extendors

Limb flexors

During development before the limb rotates depressor muscles are mostly what kind of motion

Limb extensors

During development before the limb rotates elevator muscles are mostly what kind of motion

Arm

The segment of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow

-Brachium

Forearm

Segment of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist

-antebrachium

Sternoclavicular joint

Articulation between the clavicle and the sternum

-Only bony connection of the upper limb to the rest of the skeleton

Acromioclavicular

the joint between the acromion process of the scapula and the clavicle

Glenohumeral Joint

Where the scapula meets the humerus, glenoid fossa of the scapula to the head of the humerus

superior nuchal line of occipital bone, externaloccipital protuberence

-Spinous process CV7-T12

-Lateral 1/3 of clavicle

-Acromion

-spine of scapula

Attatchments of the Trapezius

Upper: Elevate scapula, rotates head

Middle: Adduction, Retraction of scapula

Lower: Depress Scapula, Spine Flexion

Trapezius Actions

levator scapulae, Trapezius, Rhomboid Major and Minor

What muscles help elevate the scapula

Deltoid, Supraspinatus

What muscle(s) abduct the shoulder?

Latissimus Dorsi, coracobrachialis, Trapezius

What muscles adduct the shoulder

trapezius, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

What muscles depress scapula

trapezius and rhomboids

What muscles retract scapula

Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, Teres Major

What muscles medially rotate the humerus

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

what muscles laterally rotate the humerus

Pectoralis minor, Seratus Anterior

What muscles protract the scapula

Pectoralis major, Deltoid, Coracobrachialis

What muscles flex the brachium

Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Deltoid

What muscles extend the brachium

Assessory Nerve

What nerve innervates trapezius

Transverse cervical artery

blood supply of trapezius and the levator scapulae

Thoracodorsal Nerve coming from Posterior chord supplied by C6, C7, C8

What nerve innervates latissimus dorsi

thoracodorsal artery and vein

blood supply of latissimus dorsi

Dorsal Scapular nerve

What nerve innervates the levator scapulae and the rhomboids

Interclavicular Ligament

Ligament connecting clavicle to clavicle

anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament

Ligament that reinforces the capsular ligament

Costoclavicular ligament

Ligament between clavicle and 1st rib

Acromioclavicular Joint - Coracoclavicular Joint

Ligament made up of the trapezoid ligament and the conoid ligament

Intrinsic Scapular Ligament

Coracoacromial ligament and suprascapular ligament make up the what ligament

Coracoacromial ligament

Ligament that prevents superior dislocation of the humerus

Suprascapular Ligament

Ligament that caps the suprascapular notch

-Coracohmeral

-Superior Glenohumeral

-Middle Glenohumeral

-Inferior Glenohumeral

The 4 ligaments that make up the glenohumeral ligaments

Coracohumeral ligament

Ligament that reinforces the connection of humerus to scapula

Superior Glenohumeral Ligament

Ligament that has slight thickening of the capsular ligament

-aids in resisting adduction

Middle Glenohumeral ligament

Ligament that provides slight thickening of the capsular ligament

-Aids in resisting lateral rotation

Inferior Glenohumeral ligament

Ligament that provides slight thickening of the capsular ligament

-Aids in resisting abduction

Transverse Humeral Ligament

Ligament that caps the bicipital groove of the humerus and helps maintain position of the long head tendon of briceps brachii

Glenoid Labrum

Cartilaginous extension of the articular surface associated with the glenoid fossa of the humerus

Fascia Lata

What covers the anterior thigh Compartment

Femoral Nerve (Posterior Divisions of L2 - L4

What is a common innervation of the anterior thigh compartment

Flex Thigh and/or Extend Knee

What are common actions of the anterior thigh compartment

Femoral Artery

What is the blood supply to the anterior thigh compartment

Axillary Nerve

The upper lateral brachial cutaneous nerve comes from what nerve

Proximal lateral arm

the upper lateral brachial cutaneous nerve innervates what part of the arm

Radial nerve

What does the lower lateral brachial cutaneous nerve and the posterior brachial cutaneous nerve come from

Distal Lateral Arm

What does the lower lateral brachial cutaneous nerve innervate

-from radial nerve

Intercostobrachial has contributions

What nerve does the medial brachial cutaneous nerve typically come from

Medial arm

What part of the arm does the medial brachial cutaneous nerve innervate

Posterior Arm

What part of the arm does the posterior brachial cutaneous nerve

-from radial nerve

Flex either the shoulder, the elbow or both

What are the actions of the anterior arm in the flexor compartment

C5 and C6 roots of the brachial plexus

-Innervated by the upper trunk of the brachial plexus

-Innervated by anterior divisions of BP

-Innervated by the same nerve: Musculocutaneous

Everything that innervates the anterior arm

Superficial branch of Transverse cervial artery joins with spinal accessory nerve

The trapezius is innervated and supplied by

The deep branch of the transverse cervical artery joins the Dorsal scapular artery with dorsal scapular nerve

The rhomboids and levator scapulae are innervated and supplied by

Suprascapular artery joins with the suprascapular nerve

The supraspinatus and infraspinatus are innervated and supplied by

Supreme Throacic Vein

-Pectoral veins

-lateral thoracic viens

-Subscapular vein ( circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal vein

- Posterior and anterior humeral circumflex vein

Superficial Veins

-Cephalic vein

-Basilic vein

Veins of the arm

Anterior and middle Scalene muslces

Where does the brachial plexus emerge from

C5

What root does dorsal scapular nerve come from

C5, 6, 7,

What Roots does the long throacic nerve come from

T1

What root does the first intercostal nerve come from

-Ventral ramus

C3, C4 and C5

What roots does the phrenic nerve come from

-Ventral rami

C4, 5, 6

what roots forms the upper trunk

upper trunk

what does trunk do subclavius and suprascapular nerve come from

C7

What roots form the middle trunk

C8 and T1

What roots form the lower trunk

From anterior division

-3 terminal branches

Lateral pectoral

Musculocutaneous

lateral root to median nerve

Facts about lateral cord

Musculocutaneous nerve

-Flexes Elbow

The anterior compartment of the arm nerve and action

Median Nerve and Ulnar nerve

-Flexes wrist and fingers

The anterior compartment of the forearm nerves and actions

Ulnar nerve and median nerve

The hand nerves

Posterior interosseous nerve

-Extends wrist and fingers (C7 and C8)

Posterior compartment of the forearm nerve and action

Lateral brachial cutaneous nerve

upper from axillary nerve and the lower from radial nerve ... this innervates the lateral side of the arm

medial brachial cutaneous nerve

cutaneous nerve that comes from medial cord and innervates triceps area of the arm

posterior brachial cutaneous nerve

cutaneous nerve that comes from the radial nerve and innervates back of arm

lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

cutaneous nerve Arises from the musculocutaneous nerve and innervates the lateral side of the forearm

medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

cutaneous nerve that comes from medail cord .. supplying pinky forearm

posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve

cutaneous nerve that is a branch of radial nerve and innervates skin over extensors in forearm

Palmar and dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve

These cutaneous nerves from innervate the medial hand

Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve

Cutaneous nerve that innervates the palmar lateral hand

superficial radial nerve

cutaneous nerve that innervates the dorsal lateral hand

-coracobrachialis

-biceps brachii

-brachialis

What muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

-They all help to flex the forearm

-Triceps Brachii

-Anconeus

What muscles does the radial nerve innervate in the arm?

-They all extend the elbow

-Posterior division

Brachial artery

the median nerve runs with what artery

humeroulnar joint

synovial joint allowing flexion and extension at the elbow between humerus and ulna

humeroradial joint

synovial joint allowing flexion/extension and pronation/supination of the elbow between humerus and radius

proximal radioulnar joint

Synovial joint allowing pronation and supination at the elbow joint between the radius and ulna

Ulnar collateral Ligament

This has an anterior, posterior, and oblique band and is referred to as the medial collateral ligament of the elbow joint

Radial collateral Ligament

Ulnar collateral ligament

Annular ligament

The ligaments of the elbow joint

Middle radioulnar joint

syndesmosis of the interosseous membrane

Distal radioulnar joint

synovial joint allows pronation/supination of the forearm ... shares capsule with the radiocarpal joint

Cubita fossa

Triangular region with 3 boundaries

Middle - Pronator Teres

Lateral - brachioradialis

Superior - Line through the humeral epicondyles

Floor- Brachialis

Bicipital Aponeurosis

what covers the cubital fossa

Median Nerve

Brachial artery and Vein

Tendon of the Biceps Brachii

Nerby:

-Medial and Posterior - ulnar nerve and artery

-Lateral and superior - radial nerve and artery

What is inside the cubital fossa

-Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves

-From medial cord

-C8 and T1 Roots

What is the medial forearm cutaneous nerve supply down to the root

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

-Continuation of musculocutaneous nerve

-From lateral cord

-C5-C7 roots

What is the lateral forearm cutaneous nerve supply down to the root