Pig section lab review

What is the latin name for domestic pig?

What is the latin name for domestic pig?

Sus scrofa

What animal class its the pig in?

Mammals (mammalia)

What two features set mammals apart from other animals?

Hair and mammary glands

What feature distinguishes modern mammals?

The presence or absence of additional structures

ex: single dentary bone (the mandible), 3 bones in the middle ear cavity (malleus, incus, and stapes), muscular diaphragm

What are the 3 bones in the middle ear cavity?

malleus (hammer)

incus (anvil)

stapes (stirrup)

All mammals besides whales have what _____?

heterodont dentition

What is heterodont dentition?

two or more types of teeth

Nearly all mammals have what specialized sound-collecting structure?

The pinna (outer ear)

The larynx is what?

A highly specialized enlargment of the cerebral cortex for the development of intelliigence

What order are pigs a member of?

artiodactyla- even toed ungulates

Are pigs omnivores, herbivores, or carnivores?

Omnivores- meaning they eat plants and animals

What is the life span of a pig?

15-20 years

What is the length of the estrous cycle (period) in pigs?

21 days

How long is the gestation period if conception occurs?

112-115 days

How many pigs are there noemally per litter?

7-12 offspring

Why are pigs used as subjects for anatomy and physiology?

Because they share many similarities to man, making them good subjects for drugs in modern medicine and a good use to practice surgical techniques

Here is a quick overview of the orientation:

anterior (cranial)- toward the head or posterior (caudal) - toward the tail

dorsal (superior)- toward vack or ventral (inferior) toward belly

lateral- to side or medial- to midline

proximal- to point of reference or distal- away from point of reference

transverse plane- long axis or sagital plane- right and left portions

How can you determine the approximate age from fertilization of the fetal pig?

Measure in centimeters

1 cm= 20 days meanwhile 30cm = full term

What are the skins 8 functions?

1.) protects from uv rays

2.)keeps out substances and disease-producing organisms

3.)prevents loss of water

4.)aids in regulating body temp

5.)sweat

6.) receptor of external stimuli

7.) provides nutrients storage

8.) site of vitamin D production

What two layers is the skin seperated into?

Outer layer ( epidermis) and deeper layer (dermis)

What are the external nares?

Nostrils- located on end of snout

What is the hard palate and function?

Roof of the mouth and allows for food to be chewed as breathing occurs

What is the third eyelid called?

nictitating membrane-

covers anterior portion of eye and cleans

What are the external ears called and function?

Pinnae

Channels sound waves into small opening

What is the small opening the pinnae channels sound waves into?

external auditory meatus

What passage leads to the tympanic membrane (eardrum)?

auditory canal

What two areas can the trunk be divided into?

thorax and abdomen

What are mammary papillae?

Teats (nipples)

How many mammary papillae are there usually?

5-7 pairs

What is the function of the umbillical cord?

Provides attatchment between mother and fetus at placenta

What does the placenta do?

Fetal organ that serves as area for mother and fetus circulatory systems to interact

What are the parts of the umbilical cord?

one umbilical vein and 2 umbilical arteries

How can you distuinguish the gender of the pig?

Males have a scrotum and urogenital opening (for penis) under the umbilical cord

Females have genital papilla , behind is clitoris

The nervous sytem is divided into what two parts?

central and peripheral

What covers the brain and what does it do?

Meninges- protective membrane

What is the inflimation of meniges called?

Menigitis

What tissues are the hooves of the pig a modification of?

epidermis

What is the name of th emembrane lining the inside of the body wall?

visceral membrane

What is the name of the membrane that lines the outer surfsce of all organs?

parietal membrane

What is the name of the membrane surrounding the heart?

visceral pericardium

Why is it important to identify all organs before removal?

To make sure you understand where they are and do not make errors

Why are the cranial bones soft?

So the head of the fetal pig can be pushed out of the vagina at birth

Why are the cranial bones not fused tightly together?

Continues forming and needs to harden post birth

What are the functions of the cerebral cortex?

1.) response and perception of external stimuli received by senses

2.) control of voluntary muscles

What part of the brain has responsibility for heart rate, breathing, and reflexes

medulla

If you cut the brain “longtudinallY’ to make equal halves, what is this?

mid-sagittal cut

What structure seperates the abdominal and thoracic cavities?

diaphragm

What is the boundary of the cranial cavity?

skull

THE PIGS HOOVES ARE THE MOST ___ PART OF THE APPENDAGE

distal

What organs are in the thoracic cavity?

Lungs and heart