APUSH 2nd Trimester Final Exam Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the APUSH 2nd Trimester Final Exam, focusing on Westward Expansion, the Civil War, Reconstruction, and major socio-political movements in American history.

Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

Mexican American War

A conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848, primarily over the annexation of Texas.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

The treaty that ended the Mexican-American War in 1848, which resulted in the U.S. acquisition of territories in the present-day Southwest.

Wilmot Proviso

An unsuccessful proposal to ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico during the Mexican-American War.

Compromise of 1850

A package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a four-year political confrontation.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A law that allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their borders, leading to violent conflict.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

An 1857 Supreme Court decision that ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories.

Secession

The act of formally withdrawing from an organization or union, as Southern states did from the Union in the lead-up to the Civil War.

Emancipation Proclamation

An executive order by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 that freed slaves in the Confederate states.

Thirteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

Wade-Davis Bill

A controversial proposal for Reconstruction that required a majority of white males to pledge loyalty to the Union before a state could be readmitted.

Black Codes

Laws passed in Southern states to restrict the rights of freed blacks and maintain white supremacy after the Civil War.

Radical Reconstruction

The period of Reconstruction when Congress took control and imposed stricter measures on the South.

Fourteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and guaranteeing equal protection under the law.

Fifteenth Amendment

The amendment that prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on 'race, color, or previous condition of servitude.'

Transcontinental railroad

A rail link between the eastern and western United States, completed in 1869.

Homestead Act of 1862

Legislation that provided 160 acres of public land to settlers for a small fee, encouraging westward expansion.

Social Darwinism

The application of Charles Darwin's ideas of natural selection and survival of the fittest to the social, political, and economic issues.

Progressivism

A movement aimed at addressing the social problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, and corruption.

Pendleton Act of 1883

Legislation that established a merit-based system for federal employment, reducing patronage.

Sherman Antitrust Act

A landmark federal statute passed in 1890 that outlawed monopolistic business practices.

American Imperialism

The policy of extending the power and dominion of the United States over territories outside its borders.

National Origins Act

An immigration law passed in 1924 that severely restricted immigration from certain countries and established a national origins quota.

The New Deal

A series of programs and reforms enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression to provide relief, recovery, and reform.