Ch. 27 Case Study vocab pg 13+

James Lawson and Diane Nash

students who led a civil disobedience campaign in Nashville

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

student sit-in activists created by the Nashville group

Jackie Robinson

the first black player in major league baseball

Richard Nixon

Republican candidate aginst JFK

Robert F Kennedy

JFK’s younger brother and campaign manager, who heavily supported the civil rights movement

Interstate Commerce Commission

Federal agency established in 1887 to regulate railroads, banned segregated terminals but southern states refused to comply.

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

pacifist group who organized the “freedom rides”

Howard K. Smith

CBS correspondent who investigated segregation and freedom rides in the special, “Who speaks for Birmingham” gaining a lot of media coverage

Eugene “Bull” Connor

Birmingham police commissioner arrested SNCC freedom riders working with the KKK

Albany Movement

Desegregation campaign led by SNCC for the desegregation of airports, trains, buses, and other public facilities. It never gained national crisis like they hoped

Fred Shuttlesworth

SCLC minister who organized the Alabama Birmingham campaign

George Wallace

Alabama governor and “bastion of violent segregationism”

Children’s March

Gave the SCLC the public coverage and JFK support they wanted with children being violently attacked for protesting

Birmingham Klan

Bombed black churches, motels, and neighborhoods

Al Lingo

Led Alabama state troopers, beating any black people they encountered

“I Have a Dream” speech

iconic address by MLK Jr. in 1963 advocating for racial equality and civil rights, delivered during the March on Washington.

Lyndon Johnson

VP that became president after JFK was assassinated, he got the Civil Rights Act of 1957 signed into law

Civil Rights Act of 1957

First civil rights legislation since Reconstruction; aimed to protect voting rights for African Americans; created the Civil Rights Division, but failed to address voting rights.

Civil Rights Commission

created to investigate voting rights abuses

John Doar

2nd in command of the Civil Rights Division and investigated disenfranchisement in the south

24th Amendment

prohibits poll taxes in federal elections, ensuring voting rights regardless of financial status.

Voter Education Project (VEP)

funded by leading civil rights groups (NAACP, SCLC, CORE, SNCC) to increase the number of black applicants for registration

Ella Baker

student who became a SNCC advisor and suggested that SNCC split into two parts, one focused on segregation and the other on voting rights.

Bob Moses

started a voting rights movement in Mississippi which had the lowest rates of black voting, attracted press coverage but produced few black voters

Freedom Ballots

Created by Mississippi activists to allow disenfranchised people to vote

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) and Freedom Summer Project

launched by Northern college students to start voter-training schools and registration drives to build support for the party

Jim Clark

mayor of Selma Alabama segregationist committed to modernization and economic development, he beat and arrested protestors on the Pettus Bridge

Dallas County Voters League (DCVL)

the black community of Selma’s voting rights organization

James Hare

issued an injunction banning civil rights groups from holding marches and public meetings in Selma

Daniel Thomas

federal judge who ordered county registrars to let applicants sign up for appointments in a book, rejected by King since he thought it would be too slow