Cell Division and Differentiation Quiz

What is Mitosis

What is Mitosis

A process of cell duplication, in which one cell(mother cell) divides into two genetically identical daughter cells

What is Interphase

the longest part of the cell cycle. This is when the cell grows and copies its DNA before moving into mitosis.

What is Prophase

the chromosomes, which had been thin and threadlike in interphase, begin to condense, or thicken

What is Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle (m=middle)

What is Anaphase

Chromosomes move to opposite poles,Centromeres split,spindles pull sister chromatids apart (a=away)

What is Telophase

the last step of cell division, when chromosomes move in opposite directions so two new cells can be formed from one,Chromosomes uncoil – back into chromatin,Cell membrane begins to pinch in the middle to make two new cells

What are Centromere

structure in a chromosome that holds together the two chromatids

What is Chromatid

one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.

What is a Gene

segments of DNA that contain instructions for building the molecules that make the body work.

What is a Centriole

grabs on dna and moves it around

What is Diploid

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

What is Haploid

a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes

What is the goal of mitosis

to produce two daughter cells identical to the parent cell

what happens when uncontrolled cell growth occurs

tumors occur that can become deadly if not treated. Mitosis occurs infinitely

How do cells differentiate

each cell type “switches on” a different pattern of genes, and this determines which proteins the cell produces. The unique set of proteins in different cell types allows them to perform specialized tasks

What is G1 phase

cell growth, development, and protein production (G=growth, longest)

What is S phase

the cell replicates its genetic content (S=Synthesis)

What is G2 phase

  Organelles replicated (, shortest)

What is the order of interphase

G1 - S - G2

What is the order of mitosis

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

What is a chromosone

thread-like strands that contain hundreds, or even thousands, of genes (made up of DNA)

Why do cells divide

To reproduce,To grow bigger,To repair injuries,To become more efficient.

What is cytokinesis

cytoplasm divides, produces 2 cells. The split

What is an organelle

tiny machines that provide the needs of the cell. Examples are the nucleus, mitochondria, etc

what cells are examples of diploids

nerve cells, muscle cells, bone cells, skin cells

what cells are examples of haploids

egg and sperm cells

What is a stem cell

A cell that can change into any specialized cell

Stimulius

something happening in the cell

receptor

recognizes something happening in the cell

control

production is activated

effector

Removes stimulis

Chromosomes (packaged DNA around proteins are only fully condensed during mitosis. This keeps them from being tangled but transcription cannot take place in this form. Why?

If chromosomes were not tightly packed the DNA would tangle during mitosis. When the chromosomes are tightly packed, RNA polymerase, cannot get in there to make mRNA

How is DNA packaged into chromosomes

wrapping the DNA around structural histone proteins

What is epigenetics

the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work

What can affect epigenetics

air quality, sleep, stress, diet, exercise

What is a histone

a protein that provides structural support for a chromosome