Biol 101 Spring 2025 Final Prep

Flashcards for Biology 101 Final Exam Review

Evolution

Genetic changes in a population or species over time.

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Prokaryotes

Single celled organism, cells have no organelles.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants.

Homeostasis

Steady state, constant internal conditions.

Ribosome

Cell organelle where protein synthesis occurs.

Mitosis

Cell division process that produces genetically identical offspring.

Sarcomere

Contractile unit of muscle.

Theory

A widely accepted explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.

What does Dorsal mean?

Toward the spine.

Tendon

Connects bone to muscle.

What does Ventral mean?

Toward the belly.

What is a Hypothesis?

A testable, tentative explanation based on prior knowledge.

Eukaryotes

Unicellular or multicellular organisms, cells have organelles bound by membranes.

DNA

Double-stranded helix made of nucleotides, carries genetic information.

Phenotype

An organism’s physical traits.

Ligament

Connects bone to bone.

Metabolism

Sum total of all the chemical reactions in the body.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that cannot make their own food.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that generates genetic variation.

Gene

A unit of inheritance of DNA, codes or a specific amino acid or protein sequence.

Transpiration

Process in which water moves up roots and evaporates from leaves.

Glycogen

Storage form for glucose in plants.

Mutation

Change in a cell’s DNA sequence.

Ion

A positively or negatively charged atom.

Organ

Two or more types of tissue that work together to perform a specific function.

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis.

Gymnosperms

Pine tree, produces cone with seeds, no flowers.

Starch

Storage form for glucose in plants.

Genotype

An organism’s genetic traits.

Allele

Alternate forms of a particular gene.

Autotrophs

Organisms that make their own food, producers.

Species

Organisms that can interbreed and produce offspring.

Action Potential

Electrical impulse traveling along a neuron.

Protists

Algae, slime molds, protozoa.

Stomata

Pores in leaves for gas exchange

Xylem

System in plants to transport water and minerals

Pollen

Male gametophyte

Perennial plants

Plants that live for many seasons

Seed

Endosperm plus an embryo

Annual plants

Plants that live for one season

Phloem

System in plants to transport sugars

Meiosis produces gametes having a (diploid or haploid) number of chromosomes. The gametes are genetically (identical or different ) from the parent. The process involves (how many) cell divisions.

Haploid, Different, 2

Mitosis involves (how many) cell divisions and produces (how many) daughter cells that are (identical or different) from the parent.

1, 2, Identical

What biological system does the Gall Bladder belong to?

Digestive System

What biological system does the Tibia belong to?

Skeletal System

What biological system does the Pituitary belong to?

Endocrine System

What biological system does the Heart belong to?

Circulatory System

What biological system does the Spinal Cord belong to?

Nervous System/Senses

What biological system does the Cornea belong to?

Nervous System/Senses

What biological system do the Adrenals belong to?

Endocrine System

What biological system does the Bronchiole belong to?

Respiratory System

What biological system does the Biceps belong to?

Muscular System

What biological system does the Trachea belong to?

Respiratory System

What biological system does the Esophagus belong to?

Digestive System

Give an example of Angiosperms.

Oak tree

Give an example of Gymnosperms

Pine tree

Fungi

Eukaryotes, include yeast, mushrooms. Break down organic waste. Some cause disease, others beneficial.

Bacteria

Prokaryotes, some cause human diseases such as Strep Throat, food poisoning, Staph infections. Some break down organic wastes, live in human digestive tract.

Viruses

Can infect plants or animals, some cause AIDS, Covid- 19.

To what phylum does a Horse belong?

Chordate

To what phylum does a Spider belong?

Arthropod

To what phylum does a Clam belong?

Mollusk

To what phylum does a Robin belong?

Chordate

To what phylum does a Lobster belong?

Arthropod

To what phylum does a Jellyfish belong?

Cnidarians

To what phylum does an Octopus belong?

Mollusk