CHAPTER 8: COGNITION

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Cognition

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24 Terms

1

Cognition

refers to thinking, acquiring and managing knowledge

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2

Preattentive process 

  • Finding an unusual feature or  figures requires this process 

  • a procedure for extracting information automatically

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3

Attentive process

  • Finding a typical feature or figure requires this process 

  • a procedure that considers only one part of the

    visual field at a time

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4

Attentional blink

  • When focusing on one stimulus, it is difficult to see something else that comes about

  • It is the moment of two targets that cannot be detected or identified 

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5

Overconfidence

to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments. 

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6

Functional fixedness

  • to narrowly adhere to a single approach to a problem or a single way to use an item

  • impedes problem-solving 

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7

Fixation

  • An inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective

  • eyes are stationary

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8

Framing

The way a question is presented can also influence the way in which we answer it 

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9

Belief perseverance

tendency to cling to our beliefs in the face of contrary evidence 

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10

Broca’s Area

  • difficulties in language production

  • producing speech sounds 

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11

Wernicke’s Area

difficulties in recalling names of objects. Understanding, interpreting speech 

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12

Phonemes

  • units of sound

  • single letters or combinations of letters 

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13

Morphemes

  • units of meaning

  • usually syllables or words. 

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14

Saccades

quick eye movements that take your gaze from one fixation point to another 

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