Axon
electrical impulses travel away
soma
maintain cell and keep neuron functioning effectively
dendrites
receive communication from other cells
synaptic gap
space between axon of one neuron and dendrites of another, electrical signal is translated to chemical signal that can be perceived by next nueron
myelin sheath
allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly
action potential
occurs when a neuron transmits an electrical charge down tits axon, which releases chemical signals in the form of neurotransmitters
All or Nothing Law
firing of a neuron (like a gun)
Dopamine
controls voluntary movements, attention, and emotions
too little dopamine
Parkinson's Disease
too much dopamine
Schizophrenia
Serotonin
regulates sleep, mood, and hunger
too little serotonin
depression
Acetylcholine
enables muscle action, memory, learning
disorders associated with acetylcholine
Alzheimer's Disease
Endorphins
reduction of pain, released during exercise, skin to skin touch, eating, and while laughing
disorder associated with endorphins
OCD
Norepinephrine
alertness, arousal
disorders associated with norepinphrine
depressive and eating disorders
agonist vs antagonist
agonists mimic a neurotransmitter antagonist blocks the normal activity of a neurotransmitter
nervous system
the sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells (control system)
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord
parasympathetic vs sympathetic
parasympathetic: network of nerves that relaxes your body after periods of stress or danger. sympathetic: responds to dangerous or stressful situations (Fight or flight).
left brain
controls right side ( Logic, Analysis, Language, Words of songs)
right brain
controls left side (Creativity, Imagination, Arts (motor skill), Tune of songs)
EEG
detect electrical activity
MRI
magnetic fields to create a more detailed image
PET scan
shows brain activity/function
CAT scan
3D image of the brain structure
fMRI
shows structure, activity, and function
medulla
involuntary actions (breathing, heartbeat)
cerebellum
fine motor skills
pons
sleep cycle, facial expressions
amygdala
emotions
hippocampus
memories
thalamus
sensory relay center (every sensation goes through)
hypothalamus
hunger, rage, thirst, sexual desire
cerebral cortex/cerebrum
higher level thought
occipital lobe
Visual signals are sent to this lobe, Makes sense of what we see in the world
parietal lobe
Area of brain where some of our senses are registered, Touch is the most dominant
frontal lobe
Area of the brain responsible for motor skills, responsible for the movement of the muscles in the body
temporal lobe
Hearing is registered here, Some speech functions are present here
corpus callosum
fibers that connect and allow the left and right hemispheres
wernike's vs broca's area
broca: ensure language is fluent wernike: language makes sense
pituitary gland
master gland, controls release of hormones
endocrine system
system of glands that secretes hormones that help control bodily function