AP PSYCHOLOGY: Brain and Body Test

Axon

electrical impulses travel away

soma

maintain cell and keep neuron functioning effectively

dendrites

receive communication from other cells

synaptic gap

space between axon of one neuron and dendrites of another, electrical signal is translated to chemical signal that can be perceived by next nueron

myelin sheath

allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly

action potential

occurs when a neuron transmits an electrical charge down tits axon, which releases chemical signals in the form of neurotransmitters

All or Nothing Law

firing of a neuron (like a gun)

Dopamine

controls voluntary movements, attention, and emotions

too little dopamine

Parkinson's Disease

too much dopamine

Schizophrenia

Serotonin

regulates sleep, mood, and hunger

too little serotonin

depression

Acetylcholine

enables muscle action, memory, learning

disorders associated with acetylcholine

Alzheimer's Disease

Endorphins

reduction of pain, released during exercise, skin to skin touch, eating, and while laughing

disorder associated with endorphins

OCD

Norepinephrine

alertness, arousal

disorders associated with norepinphrine

depressive and eating disorders

agonist vs antagonist

agonists mimic a neurotransmitter
antagonist blocks the normal activity of a neurotransmitter

nervous system

the sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells (control system)

central nervous system

brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord

parasympathetic vs sympathetic

parasympathetic: network of nerves that relaxes your body after periods of stress or danger.
sympathetic: responds to dangerous or stressful situations (Fight or flight).

left brain

controls right side ( Logic, Analysis, Language, Words of songs)

right brain

controls left side (Creativity, Imagination, Arts (motor skill), Tune of songs)

EEG

detect electrical activity

MRI

magnetic fields to create a more detailed image

PET scan

shows brain activity/function

CAT scan

3D image of the brain structure

fMRI

shows structure, activity, and function

medulla

involuntary actions (breathing, heartbeat)

cerebellum

fine motor skills

pons

sleep cycle, facial expressions

amygdala

emotions

hippocampus

memories

thalamus

sensory relay center (every sensation goes through)

hypothalamus

hunger, rage, thirst, sexual desire

cerebral cortex/cerebrum

higher level thought

occipital lobe

Visual signals are sent to this lobe, Makes sense of what we see in the world

parietal lobe

Area of brain where some of our senses are registered, Touch is the most dominant

frontal lobe

Area of the brain responsible for motor skills, responsible for the movement of the muscles in the body

temporal lobe

Hearing is registered here, Some speech functions are present here

corpus callosum

fibers that connect and allow the left and right hemispheres

wernike's vs broca's area

broca: ensure language is fluent
wernike: language makes sense

pituitary gland

master gland, controls release of hormones

endocrine system

system of glands that secretes hormones that help control bodily function