Intelligence unit 6

intelligence

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

general intelligence

a general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

L.L Thurstone's 7 primary abilities

Identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities, noticed that those who excelled in one of seven clusters generally scored well on others

theory of multiple intelligences

Gardner's theory that each person has several distinct forms of intelligence

savant syndrome

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill

triarchic theory of intelligence

Robert Sternberg's theory that describes intelligence as having analytic, creative and practical dimensions

Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory

Intelligence is a general ability and other specific abilities bridged by crystalized intelligence and fluid intelligence

Crystalized intelligence (gc)

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

fluid intelligence (Gf)

ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age

emotional intelligence

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Francis Galton

interested in link between heredity and intelligence; founder of the eugenics movement

Alfred Binet

Created first intelligence test for Parisian school children

Binet's test

Created what is considered first intelligence test, consisted of 30 tests in order of difficulty

mental age

the chronological age that most typically corresponds to the difficulty of the questions a child can answer

Lewis Terman

professor at Stanford who revised the Binet test for Americans. The test then became the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test. Used concept of intelligence quotient.

intelligence quotient (IQ)

A numerical value assigned to intelligence

Terman and Eugenics

Measured human traits and used the results to encourage only smart and fit people to reproduce

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance subtests, provides overall intelligence score and separate scores

achievement tests

tests designed to assess what a person has learned.

aptitude tests

a test designed to predict a person's future performance

Standardized

Provides us with a basis for comparing scores with others performance

normal curve

the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes.

Reliability

the extent to which a test yields consistent results

Validity

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

content validity

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest

construct validity

Concept

predictive validity

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict

Flynn effect

the worldwide phenomenon that shows intelligence test performance has been increasing over the years

fixed mindset

Intelligence is fixed from birth

growth mindset

Intelligence is malleable due to experience and can affect academic achievement

stereotype threat

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

stereotype lift

When the stereotype is of a group other than yours is more likely to perform worse, so you perform better

range

Distance between highest and lowest scores in a set of data.

standard deviation

Tells us how clustered our scores are around the mean

negatively skewed distribution

Low outliers, right hump, mean is brought down

positively skewed distribution

High outliers, left hump, mean is brought up

Z scores

measure the distance of a score from the mean in units of standard deviation