Chapter 2: States
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73 Terms
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Political scientists
________ define the state as the organization that maintains a monopoly of force over a territory.
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Quebec
________ has powers over taxation and healthcare that other provinces lack.
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Federal system
________- some powers lay with the national government, most with state governments.
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individual freedom
The norms and rules regarding ________ and collective equality, the locus of power, and the use of that power.
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strength
The "________ "or "weakness "of a state is better measured by considering the states capacity and autonomy.
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Asymmetric Federal system
________- Indian states reflect the linguistic and ethno- religious differences in the country.
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Legitimacy
________: a value whereby an institution is accepted by the public as right and proper, thus giving it authority and power.
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Authority
________ is bound by territory.
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John Locke
________: People are inherently good, but they have a difficult time resolving disputes.
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basic tasks
State is able to fulfill ________ with a minimum of public intervention; power highly centralized; strong state.Danger: Too high a level of capacity and autonomy may prevent or undermine democracy.
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Coercion
________: Individuals are brought together by a ruler, who imposes authority and monopolizes power.
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Regime
________: fundamental rules and norms of politics that shape.
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Consensus
________: Individuals band together to protect themselves and create common rules; leadership chosen from among the people.
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Federalism
________: Significant state powers, such as taxation, lawmaking, and security, are devolved to regional or local bodies.
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Sovereignty
________- the ability to carry out actions and policies within a territory independently of external actors and internal rivals.
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Nonstate actors
Power is highly decentralized among state and ________.
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Thomas Hobbes
________: People are inherently bad.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
________: People are inherently good.
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Asymmetric federalism
________: Different regions have different powers.
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domestic security
A state needs to be able to act as the primary authority over its territory and the people who live there, passing and enforcing laws, defining and protecting rights, resolving disputes between people and organizations, and generating ________.
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Middle East
Around 10, 000 years ago, agriculture, animal domestication, and sedentary communities arose in the ________, allowing for increased political organization.
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Government
________: leadership or elite in charge of running the state.
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Unitary states
________: Most political power exists at the national level, with limited local authority.
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legitimate use of physical
A state is a "human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the ________ force within a given territory ..
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Symmetric federalism
________: All regions have the same powers.
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basic tasks
State is able ot fulfill with a minimum of public interference or direct control, but its capacity to fulfill ________ is limited.Danger: State is ineffectual, limiting development, and slow development may provoke public unrest.
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Unitary state
________- all political authority is centralized in the national government.
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Sovereignty
the ability to carry out actions and policies within a territory independently of external actors and internal rivals
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
People are inherently good
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Consensus
Individuals band together to protect themselves and create common rules; leadership chosen from among the people
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Coercion
Individuals are brought together by a ruler, who imposes authority and monopolizes power
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Fear
punish dissent
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Rewards
bribe supporters
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Legitimacy
a value whereby an institution is accepted by the public as right and proper, thus giving it authority and power
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Federalism
Significant state powers, such as taxation, lawmaking, and security, are devolved to regional or local bodies
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Strong states
states that are able to fulfill basic tasks
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Weak states
states unable to execute basic tasks
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Failed states
states so weak that their very basic state structures break down
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Definition
________: transfer of power and funding from national to local governments.
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Key concept
Sovereignty
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The risk
its rivals will interfere with its authority, inflicting damage, taking its territory, or destroying the state outright
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Regime
fundamental rules and norms of politics that shape
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Government
leadership or elite in charge of running the state
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Thomas Hobbes
People are inherently bad
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John Locke
People are inherently good, but they have a difficult time resolving disputes
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In Focus
Two Paths of Political Organization
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Power Dispersion
Centralization versus Decentralization
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Unitary states
Most political power exists at the national level, with limited local authority
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Symmetric federalism
All regions have the same powers
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Example
United States
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Asymmetric federalism
Different regions have different powers
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Example
Canada
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Devolution
Its NOT Federalism
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Definition
transfer of power and funding from national to local governments
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Key difference with federalism
less "permanent"
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In Comparison
Centralization and Decentralization
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Unitary state
all political authority is centralized in the national government
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Federal system
some powers lay with the national government, most with state governments
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Asymmetric Federal system
Indian states reflect the linguistic and ethno-religious differences in the country
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State Power
Strong and Weak States
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Fragile States Index
Fund for Peace
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Definition
Ability to wield power to carry out basic tasks
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Definition
Ability to wield power independently of the public or international actors
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Disadvantage
may undermine democracy
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Disadvantage
Sate may be unable to develo new policies and respond to new challenges
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Disadvantage
state is ineffective
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Disadvantage
risk of internal state failure
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State is able to fulfill basic tasks with a minimum of public intervention; power highly centralized; strong state.Danger
Too high a level of capacity and autonomy may prevent or undermine democracy
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State is able to fulfill basic tasks, but public plays a direct role in determining policy and is able to limit state power and scope of activity.Danger
State may be unable to develop new policies or respond to new challenges owning to the power of organized opposition
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State is able ot fulfill with a minimum of public interference or direct control, but its capacity to fulfill basic tasks is limited.Danger
State is ineffectual, limiting development, and slow development may provoke public unrest
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State lacks the ability to fulfill basic tasks and is subject to direct public control and interference; power highly decentralized among state and nonstate actors; weak state.Danger
Too low a level of capacity and autonomy may lead to internal state failure
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Autonomy and Capacity
Country Examples
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V. In Sum
Studying States