4 - NEURO 4.2

PINEAL GLAND, HABENULAR NUCLEUS

nucleus in epithalamus

OLFACTORY AFFERENT, SOMATIC AFFERENT, VISCERAL AFFERENT

habenular nucleus is the integration center for \______ pathways

MELATONIN

hormone produced by pineal gland

MELATONIN

sleep-inducing hormone

CIRCADIAN RHYTHM

melatonin is important for the

THALAMUS

major sensory and integration center in the brain

INFLUENCE MOTOR CORTEX ACTIVITY, RELAY COMMON SENSATION TO CONSCIOUSNESS, VISUAL SENSATION, AUDITORY SENSATION

fxns of the thalamus

VENTRAL ANTERIOR NUCLEUS, VENTRAL LATERAL NUCLEUS

thalamus responsible for influencing the activity of motor cortex

PAIN, TEMPERATURE, TOUCH, PRESSURE, VIBRATION,

common sensations to consciousness

OLFACTION

thalamus is responsible for relaying all common sensations except

VENTROPOSTEROLATERAL NUCLEUS, VENTROPOSTEROMEDIAL NUCLEUS

thalamus responsible for relaying common sensations to consciousness

3RD ORDER NEURON

VPLN and VPMN are considered as

3RD ORDER NEURON

carries the signal the rest of the way to the cerebral cortex

1ST ORDER NEURON

detects a stimulus and transmits a signal to the spinal cord or brainstem

DORSAL ROOT GANGLION

1st order neuron

2ND ORDER NEURON

from spinal cord to thalamus

SUBSTANTIAL GELATINOSA, SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT

2nd order neurons

VENTROPOSTEROLATERAL NUCLEUS, VENTROPOSTEROMEDIAL NUCLEUS, BRODMANN'S AREA 3 1 2

3rd order neurons

PARIETAL LOBE

thalamus will pass sensation to \_______

OPTIC RADIATION

thalamus link to occipital lobe

OPTIC TRACT

information from the optic nerve travels to the thalamus through the

LATERAL GENICULATE BODY

thalamus responsible for visual sensation

MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY

thalamus responsible for auditory sensation

MESENCEPHALON

midbrain

CEREBRAL PEDUNCLE, TECTUM

derived from the mesencephalon

TECTUM

superior and posterior part of the midbrain

CRUS CEREBRI (in the basis)

anterior part of the midbrain

TEGMENTUM

central and inferior portion of the midbrain

BASIS, TEGMENTUM

components of cerebral peduncle

CRUS CEREBRI

located in the basis

CORTICOSPINAL TRACT

passes through the crus cerebri

TEGMENTUM

floor of the midbrain

RED NUCLEUS

found in the tegmentum

MOTOR COORDINATION, RUBROSPINAL TRACT ORIGIN

fxn of red nucleus

DECEREBRATE POSTURE

sustained contraction of extensor muscles of the extremities

UE FLEXOR FACILITATION, UE EXTENSOR INHIBITION

fxn of rubrospinal tract

VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT

opposite of rubrospinal tract

UE FLEXOR INHIBITION, UE EXTENSOR FACILITATION

fxn of vestibulospinal tract

DECEREBRATE POSTURE

lesion to the rubrospinal tract

DECEREBRATE POSTURE

lesion to the tegmentum

DECEREBRATE POSTURE

worse (DD)

2

GCS score of decerebrate

3

GCS score of decorticate

MIDBRAIN (rubrospinal tract)

lesion to this results to decerebrate

ABOVE MIDBRAIN, CEREBRAL CORTEX

lesion to this results to decorticate

DECEREBRATE POSTURE

extended UE (DD)

DECORTICATE POSTURE

flexed UE (DD)

DECEREBRATE POSTURE, DECORTICATE POSTURE

extended LE (DD)

TECTUM

roof of the midbrain

CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA

located in the tectum

2 SUPERIOR COLLICULUS, 2 INFERIOR COLLICULUS

components of corpora quadrigemina

SUPERIOR COLLICULUS

involved in visual reflexes

INFERIOR COLLICULUS

involved in auditory reflexes

TECTOSPINAL TRACT

originates in the corpora quadrigemina

REFLEX HEAD TURNING

tectospinal tract is important for

SUPERIOR COLLICULUS, INFERIOPR COLLICULUS

receives stimuli to activate tectospinal tract

PONS, CEREBELLUM

derived from metencephalon

PONS

"bridge"

PONS

connects midbrain to medulla oblongata

RESPIRATION, VASOMOTOR CENTER, CONSCIOUSNESS

fxn of pons

PONS, MEDULLA OBLONGATA

respiratory centers

PNEUMOTAXIC CENTER, APNEUSTIC CENTER

part of pons responsible for respiration

PNEUMOTAXIC CENTER

controls the rate and depth of respiration

PNEUMOTAXIC CENTER

switches off the respiratory ramp signal

PROMOTE EXPIRATION, LIMIT INSPIRATION

off respiratory ramp signal means

UPPER PONS

location of pneumotaxic center

LOWER PONS

location of apneustic center

APNEUSTIC CENTER

counterpart of pneumotaxic center

APNEUSTIC CENTER

switches on the inspiratory ramp signal

PROMOTE INSPIRATION, LIMIT EXPIRATION

on inspiratory ramp signal means

MEDULLA OBLONGATA, PONS

vasomotor centers

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

primary vasomotor center

BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION

vasomotor center fxn

RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM

pons responsible for consciousness

COMATOSE

lesion to pons related to consciousness

CEREBELLUM

"little brain"

VERMIS

cerebellar hemispheres are connected by

TRUNCAL ATAXIA

lesion to vermis

TRUNCAL ATAXIA

difficulty/inability to maintain steady posture of trunk

IPSILATERAL REPRESENTATION

representation of the cerebellum

CONTRALATERAL REPRESENTATION

representation of the cerebrum

MOLECULAR, PURKINJE, GRANULAR

layers of the cerebellum

PURKINJE CELL

found in Purkinje layer of cerebellum

INHIBITORY

Purkinje cells are

PURKINJE CELL

characteristic cell of the cerebellum

PALEOCEREBELLUM, ARCHICEREBELLUM, NEOCEREBELLUM

lobes of the cerebellum

PALEOCEREBELLUM

anterior lobe of the cerebellum

ARCHICEREBELLUM

floculonodular lobe of the cerebellum

NEOCEREBELLUM

posterior lobe of the cerebellum

SPINOCEREBELLUM

paleocerebellum or

VESTIBULOCEREBELLUM

archicerebellum or

FINE MOVEMENT, COORDINATION

fxn of neocerebellum

POSTURE, MUSCLE TONE

fxn of paleocerebellum

BALANCE

fxn of archicerebellum

NEOCEREBELLUM

newest lobe of the cerebellum

NEOCEREBELLUM

largest lobe of the cerebellum

ARCHICEREBELLUM

oldest lobe of the cerebellum

DYSYNERGIA, DYSMETRIA, ASYNERGIA, DYSDIADOCHOKINESIA, INTENTION TREMOR

lesion to neocerebellum

DYSYNERGIA

inability to perform movements smoothly

DYSMETRIA

inability to control the distance, power, and speed of a muscular action