Energy Availability and REDs

eating disorder

mental illnesses clinically diagnosed by meeting defined criteria characterized by abnormal eating behaviors

disordered eating behaviors

abnormal eating patterns that may not fit the rigid diagnostic rules for an eating disorder

- on the way to an eating disorder

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by marked self-induced weight loss accompanied by intense fear of fatness

bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder marked by an unrealistic appraisal of body weight and/or shape that is manifested altering binging and purging behavior (vomiting/laxatives)

anorexia athletica

an eating disorder occurring primarily in young, female athletes that is characterized by a food intake less than that required to support the training regimen and by body weight no more than 95% of normal

eating disorder risk factors

- dieting at an early age

- unsupervised dieting

- lack of acceptance of pubertal changes

- early sport-specific training

- a large increase in training volume accompanied by a significant weight loss

- traumatic events

- personality

- coaching behavior and perceived or real pressure from coaches and judges

- weight regulations in some sports (wrestling)

female athlete triad

disordered eating

menstrual dysfunction

skeletal demineralization

primary amenorrhea

the failure to begin menstruating before age 15

secondary amenorrhea

the cessation of menstruation at some time after menarche

absence of 3 or more cycles

oligomenorrhea

a menstrual cycle longer than 45 days

causes

_____ of menstrual dysfunction

- abnormal hormone levels

-LH pulsatility

-inadequate body fat stores

-low energy availability and exercise stress

REDs

a syndrome of impaired physiological and/or psychological functioning experienced by female and male athletes that is caused by exposure to problematic (prolonged/severe) low energy availability

eumenorrheic

normal cycle with ovulation

anovulatory cycle

normal cycle but not ovulating

polymenorrhea

cycles that are less than 21 days

energy availability

Dietary intake minus exercise energy expenditure

LEA

inadequate energy to support the functions required by the body to maintain optimal health and performance

- prolonged or significant deficit (not just waking up in the morning)

every

REDs effects almost _____ body system

changes in metabolic substrate

glucose

fatty acids (increased total cholesterol and LDLs)

ketones (increased= pH changes)

changes in metabolic hormones

insulin

cortisol

IGF-1

grehlin

leptin

tyrosine

little; decreased

when looking at the effects of exercise induced amenorrhea there is ____ difference in BMD of the entire body but ______ BMD in specific areas of the body