IT (p2)

HISTORY OF COMPUTER

- The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century.

- The word "computer" was borrowed from Latin computō, computāre, which means "to compute, sum up".

Tally Sticks

- an ancient memory aid device to record and document numbers, quantities, or even messages.

Sexagesimal System

➢ The first place-value system (1900 B.C.)

➢ Used by the Babylonians to measure time

Abacus

➢ a mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations.

➢ was invented in Babylonia in 2400 B.C.

Aristotle and the Tree of Porphyry (383 BC - 322 BC)

Used a tree figure (like a family tree) to represent the relationships between things such as species

Napier's Bones

➢ Allowed the operator to multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards.

➢ Invented by John Napier in 1614.

Slide Rule

➢ Invented by William Oughtred in 1622.

➢ Is based on Napier's ideas about logarithms.

➢ Used primarily for – multiplication – division – roots – logarithms – Trigonometry.

Calculating Clock

➢ Invented by Wilhelm Schickard in 1625

➢ a calculating machine that used wheels to carry out addition and subtraction of numbers up to 6 digits.

Pascaline

➢ The first actual calculating machine.

➢ Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642.

➢ It was its limitation to addition and subtraction.

Stepped Reckoner

➢ Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672.

➢ The machine that can add, subtract, multiply and divide automatically

Jacquard Loom

➢ is a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1881.

➢ It is an automatic loom controlled by punched cards

Arithmometer

➢ A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmar in 1820,

➢ The first reliable, useful and commercially successful calculating machine.

➢ The first mass-produced calculating machine.

Difference Engine and Analytical Engine

➢ an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions.

➢ Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834.

➢ This made him to be recognized as the “Father of Computer”

➢ It is the first mechanical computer.

First Computer Programmer

➢ In 1840, Lady Augusta Ada Byron (Countess of Lovelace) suggests to Babbage that he use the binary system.

➢ She writes programs for the Analytical Engine.

Scheutzian Calculation Engine

➢ Invented by Per Georg Scheutz in 1843.

➢ Based on Charles Babbage's difference engine.

➢ The first printing calculator.

Tabulating Machine

➢ Invented by Herman Hollerith in 1890.

➢ To assist in summarizing information and accounting.

Harvard Mark 1

➢ Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC).

➢ Invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943

➢ The first electro-mechanical computer.

Z1

➢ The first programmable computer.

➢ Created by Konrad Zuse in Germany from 1936 to 1938.

➢ To program the Z1 required that the user insert punch tape into a punch tape reader and all output was also generated through punch tape.

Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)

➢ It was the first electronic digital computing device.

➢ Invented by Professor John Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry at Iowa State University between 1939 and 1942.

ENIAC

➢ stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.

➢ It was the first electronic general-purpose computer.

➢ Completed in 1946.

➢ Developed by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.

UNIVAC 1

➢ (UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1) was the first commercial computer.

➢ Designed by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.

EDVAC

➢ stands for Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer.

➢ The First Stored Program Computer.

➢ Designed by Von Neumann in 1952.

➢ It has a memory to hold both a stored program as well as data.

The First Portable Computer

➢ Osborne 1 – the first portable computer.

➢ Released in 1981 by the Osborne Computer Corporation.

The First Computer Company

➢ The first computer company was the Electronic Controls Company.

➢ Founded in 1949 by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.