8 The Constitution, the Articles, and Federalism

These flashcards cover key concepts and events related to the United States Constitution, including its origins, principles, and the debates surrounding its ratification.

What was the first government set up by the Continental Congress called?

The Articles of Confederation.

Why did the Articles of Confederation last only 10 years?

It created a weak government that could not collect taxes and required super majorities for decisions.

What was the major accomplishment of the Articles government?

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which set a process to create five new states and outlawed slavery in those territories.

What was Shays’ Rebellion?

An uprising in 1786-1787 by farmers in Massachusetts protesting against high taxes and debt enforcement.

What significant meeting took place in 1787 to address the issues with the Articles of Confederation?

The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.

What compromise was reached regarding representation between large and small states?

The Great Compromise, creating a two-house legislature.

How did the 3/5ths compromise affect representation?

It counted slaves as 3/5ths of a person for population representation purposes.

What are the two principles embraced by the Constitution to avoid tyranny?

Separation of powers and federalism.

Who wrote the Federalist Papers and what was their purpose?

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote them to advocate for a strong national government.

What was the Electoral College created to do?

To elect the President indirectly, through a group of electors rather than by direct popular vote.

What key fear did Anti-Federalists have about a strong national government?

They feared it would lead to tyranny and be dominated by wealthy individuals.

What issue was raised by slaveholding states regarding population counts?

They wanted slaves to be counted towards their population for representation purposes, despite their inability to vote.

What did the fugitive slave clause in the Constitution require?

It required escaped slaves to be returned to their owners, regardless of where they were found.

What is federalism?

The principle that governmental authority is divided between national and state governments.