Prejudice and Discrimination (chap 3) #36-70

According to Robert Merton, discrimination against a particular group is __________.

A) always the acting-out of prejudice

B) only practiced by prejudiced people

C) not always the result of prejudice

D) practiced only by active bigots

not always the result of prejudice

Affirmative action originated with an executive order by President __________.

A) Franklin D. Roosevelt

B) John F. Kennedy

C) Richard M. Nixon

D) Ronald Reagan

Franklin D. Roosevelt

The Bakke decision __________.

A) eliminated racial quotas in all fields

B) reaffirmed racial quotas in all fields

C) reaffirmed race, but not quotas, as a factor in college admissions

D) disallowed the use of quotas and race for college admissions

reaffirmed race, but not quotas, as a factor in college admissions

Evidence about the success of affirmative action programs __________.

A) is clearly positive

B) is clearly negative

C) is mixed

D) has not yet been found

is mixed

Racial profiling is __________.

A) rare

B) discriminatory

C) legally enforced

D) a pathway to racial equality

discriminatory

An employer who strongly dislikes a racial group hires them anyway because of legal and social pressures, typifying the __________.

A) unprejudiced nondiscriminator

B) unprejudiced discriminator

C) prejudiced nondiscriminator

D) prejudiced discriminator

prejudiced nondiscriminator

Erik, who is white, has recently purchased his first house. In an effort to ensure his property value would stay high, he looked for the best neighborhood he could afford in the best school system. As it turned out, his neighborhood was nearly all white. This is an example of __________.

A) institutional discrimination

B) social discrimination

C) institutional prejudice

D) social prejudice

social discrimination

Most Americans seem willing to support affirmative action based on __________.

A) economic class

B) race

C) gender

D) religion

economic class

Mark views nonwhites with skepticism. He thinks they are all trying to take something for nothing. However, he is too worried about the social repercussions to act on his feelings. Mark is a(n) __________.

A) all-weather liberal

B) fair-weather liberal

C) timid bigot

D) active bigot

timid bigot

Megan has recently joined a white supremacy group in order to try and do something about her beliefs that nonwhites are inferior races. Megan is a(n) __________.

A) all-weather liberal

B) fair-weather liberal

C) timid bigot

D) active bigot

active bigot

Holden believes that all races are equal and goes out of his way to support programs and legislation that are aimed at achieving social equality even if it costs him money and/or job opportunities. He is a(n) __________.

A) all-weather liberal

B) fair-weather liberal

C) timid bigot

D) active bigot

all-weather liberal

Jennifer believes in racial equality, but she does not do much to actively support efforts aimed at racial equality and she still makes decisions that negatively impact minorities. She is a(n) __________.

A) all-weather liberal

B) fair-weather liberal

C) timid bigot

D) active bigot

fair-weather liberal

Gary runs a bank. He is only interested in giving loans to people with an excellent credit history. As a result, he ends up loaning to very few racial minorities. Gary is participating in __________ even if he is not aware of it.

A) institutional discrimination

B) social discrimination

C) institutional prejudice

D) social prejudice

institutional discrimination

Alfred had no prejudices towards Blacks but when his friends make derogatory comments to Black kids he does nothing to stop them. Alfred is a(n) __________.

A) unprejudiced nondiscriminator

B) unprejudiced discriminator

C) prejudiced nondiscriminator

D) prejudiced discriminator

unprejudiced discriminator

Malik thinks that if we truly want to have racial equality at some point in this country, we need to have institutions which are racially diverse in order to give all races an equal chance. He would support __________ programs.

A) racial profiling

B) affirmative action

C) ethnocentric

D) afrocentric

affirmative action

An ethnophaulism is a derogatory word or expression used to describe a racial or ethnic group.

TRUE

The average American watches three years' worth of television ads during the course of a lifetime.

TRUE

The contact hypothesis holds that racial and ethnic groups can fight stereotypes by avoiding interactions with one another.

FALSE

When people rationalize away information that does not line up with their beliefs, they are engaging in selective perception

TRUE

Psychological and sociological perspectives complement each other in providing a fuller explanation about intergroup relations.

TRUE

Stereotypes can be positive or negative.

TRUE

When children are treated harshly they may grow up and displace their aggression on those who are less powerful.

TRUE

The statement, "She didn't deserve that promotion, I did," is directly related to economic competition concept.

FALSE

Social discrimination means the unequal treatment of subordinate groups inherent in the ongoing operations of society's institutions.

FALSE

While divided on preferences based on race and gender (blacks less in opposition than whites), most Americans seemed eager to support affirmative action based on economic class.

TRUE

__________ is a lack of resources, or rewards, in comparison to those of others in the society.

Relative deprivation

Blaming others for something that is not their fault is known as __________.

scapegoating

In the __________ process, individuals acquire the values, attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of their culture or subculture, including religion, nationality, and social class.

socialization

__________ means that people tend to absorb information that accords with their own beliefs and rationalize away information that does not.

Selective perception

The __________ encompasses a person's beliefs and perceptions of a group as threatening or nonthreatening, inferior or equal (e.g., in terms of intellect, status, or biological composition), seclusive or intrusive, impulse gratifying, acquisitive, or possessing other positive or negative characteristics.

cognitive level of prejudice

A __________ is an oversimplified generalization by which we attribute certain traits or characteristics to a group without regard to individual differences.

stereotype

We can make a distinction between __________ and __________ discrimination. In the first, one takes action against someone, and, in the second, one's silent acquiescence to others' discriminatory actions is still a form of discrimination.

active, passive

The __________ of the 1890s and early 20th century established segregated public facilities throughout the South, which subsequent generations accepted as proper and maintained in their own adult lives.

Jim crow laws

__________ refers to action taken by law enforcement officials on the erroneous presumption that individuals of one race or ethnicity are more likely to engage in illegal activity than individuals of other races or ethnicities.

Racial profiling

In the United States, the practice of __________ was once widespread throughout the South. Not only were children specifically assigned to certain schools to maintain racial separation, but segregationist laws kept all public places racially separated as well. This exclusion can also take the form of __________ as residential patterns become embedded in social customs and institutions.

de jure segregation, de facto segregation