chemistry (separation of mixtures)

separation of homogeneous mixtures

evaporation

recrystallization

distillation

chromatography

evaporation

a phase transition of matter from liquid to vapor

recrystallization

it is a sepation technique based on the difference in sollubilities of substances in an appropriate solvent at an elevated temperature

distillation

separates components of a solution based on differences in boiling points between the two liquid components

types of distillation

simple

fractional

vacuum

steam

simple distillation

used when there is a large difference in boiling points of the components of the solution

fractional distillation

used when there is a relatively small difference in the boiling points of the components of the solution

vacuum

used for compounds with very high boiling points

steam

used for compounds that are heat-sensitive

part lof a distillation set up

distilling flask

condenser

distilling flask

laboratory glassware that is used to contain the mixture that will be distilled

condenser

aids in the condensation of the vapor

chromatography

relies on the differential partition of the components between the two important phases in chromatography

classification of chromatography

column chromatography

planar chromatography

column

stationary place is held in a column

planar

stationary phase is supported on a flat plate

separation of hetero mixtures

manual picking

sieving

magnets

filtration

sedimentation

centrifugation

manual picking

using your hands or tongs

sieving

exploits the differene in particles size of solids

magnets

can be used to attract magnetic materials

filtration

process of separating solids from liquids by allowing the mixture to pass through a filtering material

sedimentation

suspended solids will eventually separate from liquids by gravity

centriifugation

suspension or colloids is rotated at very high speeds