Anatomy Test #1

Anatomy

The study of body parts and their relationship to each other

Physiology

Study of the function of the body parts/structures

Histology

Study of tissues

Cytology

Study of cells

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions

Homeostatic imbalance

disturbance in homeostasis - can result in disease

Receptor

Responds to changes in environment - sends info to the control center along the afferent pathway

Afferent pathway

Pathway for information to travel from the receptor to the control center

Control center

Determines homeostatic set point, analyzes info, determines appropriate response

Effector

Provides a means for response to the stimulus, receives information from along the efferent pathway

Efferent pathway

Pathway for information to travel from the control center to the effector

Negative feedback

Shuts off/reduces intensity of original stimulus

Positive feedback

Increases original stimulus to push variable further

Superior

towards the head

Anterior

Towards the front of the body

Ventral

Front of the body

inferior

towards the feet

posterior

towards the back of the body

Dorsal

Body’s back side

Medial

Towards the body’s midline

Lateral

Towards the body’s sides

Proximal

Appendages - closer to the body

Distal

appendages - further from the body

Superficial

Closer to the body’s surface (skin)

Deep

Further from the body’s surface (skin)

Intermediate

In between lateral and medial

Anatomical Position

Standing upright, face forward, arms at sides, palms forward

Sagital Plane

Cuts vertically through body’s midline

Coronal Plane

Cuts vertically through the body’s side - cuts body into anterior and posterior sections

Transverse plane

Cuts horizontally through body - divides into inferior and superior sections

Dorsal Cavity

Contains Cranial and Spinal Cavities

Ventral Cavity

Contains thoracic and abdominal cavities

Cranial Cavity

contains brain

Spinal/Vertebral cavity

Contains spinal cord

Thoracic cavity

Contains lungs, heart, and adjacent items

Abdominal Cavity

Contains the stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and bladder

Pelvic Cavity

Contains the bladder, the colon, and the internal reproductive organs.

==Integumentary== System

Hair, Fingernails, and Skin

Skeletal System

Bones, Cartilage, joints, ligaments

Muscular system

Produces movement of bones

Nervous System

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors

Endocrine System

Hormones + Glands

Cardiovascular system

Heart & blood vessels

Lymphatic System

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs (Spleen, tonsils)

Respiratory System

Includes nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Digestive System

Includes oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines, rectum, and accessory organs

Urinary System

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Reproductive System

Includes reproductive organs (male/female)