POSC 1040 - South Africa

ABC Campaign

Public health campaign focusing on AIDS prevention: Abstain, Be faithful, Condomize

(Black) Africans

Indigenous Bantu-speaking groups in South Africa

African National Congress (ANC)

Leading political party in South Africa, key in anti-apartheid struggle

Afrikaner

South African ethnic group descended from Dutch settlers

AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome caused by HIV virus

Anti-retroviral drugs (ARDs)

Medications to manage and treat HIV, not cure it

Apartheid

Policy of racial segregation in South Africa (1948-1994)

AZT

Zidovudine, antiretroviral medication for HIV treatment

Bantu Authorities Act (1951)

Established self-governing Bantu homelands in South Africa

Bantustan

Territories for black inhabitants under apartheid policy

Battle of Blood River (1838)

Conflict between Voortrekkers and Zulu kingdom

Black Consciousness Movement

Anti-apartheid movement led by Steve Biko

Boomtown

Town experiencing rapid growth, often near mining areas

Born free generation

South Africans born post-apartheid, free from past racial discrimination

BRICS

Association of major emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

Capitalism

Economic system with private ownership for profit

Collective identity

Shared sense of belonging to a group

Coloured

Racial descriptor for mixed ethnic origin in South Africa

Congress of the People (COPE)

Political party formed in 2008 by dissatisfied ANC members

Corruption

Dishonest conduct by those in power, often involving bribery

Crime

High rates of violent and non-violent crimes in South Africa

Democratic Party/Alliance (DA)

Major opposition party to the ANC in South Africa

Democracy

Government where power is vested in the people

Democratization

Transition to a more democratic political regime

Denialism

Denial of link between HIV and AIDS, affecting public health responses

Deputy President

Second-highest official in South African government after the President

Developmental state

State prioritizing economic development in government policy

Dominant party system

One party consistently dominating election outcomes, as ANC in South Africa

Dutch Disease

Economic decline in sectors due to natural resource revenue increase

Economic deregulation

Reduction of government power in an industry for more competition

Ethnicity

Social divisions based on shared characteristics like culture, language

Freedom Charter

Core principles of non-racial South Africa by ANC and allies

Generational Divide

Differences between younger and older generations in beliefs

Government of National Unity

Post-apartheid government including various parties for national unity

Grand Apartheid

Intensified racial segregation policies in late apartheid era

Great Trek

Movement of Boer settlers in 1830s to escape British control

Growth, Employment, & Redistribution Policy (GEAR)

Economic policy framework in South Africa for growth and employment

Homelands

Designated areas for black inhabitants under apartheid

Indian

South Africans of Indian descent, recognized racial group under apartheid

Inequality

Absolute: outright unequal treatment; Relative: comparison-based inequality

Influx control

Apartheid policy limiting black South Africans' movement to urban areas

Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

Technologies providing information access through telecommunications

Institutionalized discrimination

Incorporated discrimination in organizational structures, as in apartheid

Irredentism

Movement to reclaim 'lost' areas, not common in South Africa

Judicial independence

Principle of judiciary independence from other government branches

Liberalization

Process of eliminating economic restrictions, often for free markets

Mass organizations

Large groups mobilized around common issues, seen in anti-apartheid movements

Migrant labourers

Workers migrating for work, common in South Africa's mining industry

Mineral Revolution

Rapid industrialization from mineral discoveries in 19th century South Africa

Mines & Work Act (1956)

Legislation segregating workforce along racial lines in South Africa

Modernization (Theory)

Theory of societal progress through economic, social, and political stages.

Multinational state

State with multiple nations within its borders.

Nationalism

Patriotic principles emphasizing collective identity.

National Assembly

Lower house of South Africa's bicameral Parliament.

National Council of Provinces

Upper house representing provinces in South Africa's Parliament.

National Party

Governing party in South Africa during apartheid.

Natives' Land Act (1913)

Legislation restricting land ownership for South Africa's black population.

Oscar Pistorius

South African Olympic sprinter involved in a controversial legal case.

Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC)

Nationalist political party in South Africa advocating African nationalism.

Passbook

Document restricting movement for Blacks in apartheid South Africa.

Pass Laws

Internal passport system segregating and managing population.

Patrimonial state

Governance where power flows from the leader based on patronage.

Patronage

Power to control appointments and distribute resources for loyalty.

PEPFAR

U.S. initiative aiding those with HIV/AIDS globally, including South Africa.

Population Registration & Group Areas Act (1950)

Laws classifying South Africans by race and residential areas.

Positive discrimination

Policies favoring previously discriminated groups.

Power sharing

Political arrangement where parties share governmental power.

Predatory state

State exploiting resources and population for personal gain.

Privatization

Transfer of ownership from government to private sector.

Prohibition of Mixed Marriages, Prevention of Immorality Act (1949)

Laws banning interracial marriage and regulating relations.

Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act (1995)

Legislation creating the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

Proportional representation

Electoral system allocating seats based on votes.

Province(s)

South Africa's nine administrative divisions with local governance.

Provincial Administrations

Government structures managing local functions in provinces.

Quotas

Policies setting fixed numbers for group representation.

Race

Socially constructed category used for classification.

Racial Hierarchy

Classification system where some races are considered superior.

Racialization (De- and Re-)

Process of categorizing people based on race.

Racial Supremacy

Belief in the superiority of a particular race.

Rainbow Nation

Term describing post-apartheid South Africa's multiculturalism.

Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)

Apartheid law mandating racially separate public facilities.

Sanctions

Penalties imposed by one country on another.

SCOPA (Standing Committee on Public Accounts)

Key committee overseeing government expenditures in South Africa.

Securocrat

Security forces member with political influence.

Serial monogamy

Engaging in a series of monogamous relationships over time.

Settler state

State formed by foreign settlers dominating the local population.

Sharpeville Massacre

1960 event where South African police killed protesters.

Springbok

South Africa's national rugby team symbolizing pride and integration.

Stigma

Mark of disgrace associated with a circumstance or person.

Subnational government

Government entities below the national level.

Township

Poorly built residential area for non-whites under apartheid.

Transactional relationships

Relationships influenced by material considerations.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)

Body addressing past abuses in post-apartheid South Africa.

Umkhonto we Sizwe

Armed wing of the ANC fighting apartheid.

Voortrekkers

Dutch-speaking settlers moving away from British control in South Africa.

"White Flight"

Phenomenon of white residents moving from mixed to homogeneous areas.

Xhosa

Major ethnic group in South Africa with rich traditions.

Zulu

Largest ethnic group in South Africa with significant cultural influence.

Communist Party

a political party that believes the government should control all production and distribution of goods and working people should control their own lives and destinies

"Black Empowerment" programs

Initiatives aimed at redressing inequalities and historical economic disparities between racial groups in South Africa post-apartheid