Chem Chapter 7: Acids and Bases

acids

a proton donor

proton

H+, hydrogen without electron

base

proton acceptor

strong acid

HCl (hydrochloric acid), 100% ionized

weak acids

vinegar; 5% allows for the acid to be reversibile

Hydronium ion

H₃O, H+ doesnt exist in H2O so in water we have this ion instead

pH scale

is a way to express the acidity or basicity of a solution

pH

is equal to the negative log of H+ or H₃O

• -log[H+] = -log[H₃O]

p

-log

if pH = 2.5

• -log[H+] = 2.5

• -log[H₃O] = 10^-2.5 = 3×10^-3 M

pH 7

neutral (pure water)

pH > 7

any pH greater than 7 is a basic

pH < 7

any pH less than 7 is an acid