Studied by 9 people
The dicrotic notch is due to…
The closing of the atrioventricular valves
The closing of the semilunar valves
The opening of the atrioventricular valves
The opening of the semilunar valves
The closing of the semilunar valves
The first heart sound is caused by…
The closing of the atrioventricular valves
The closing of the semilunar valves
The opening of the atrioventricular valves
The opening of the semilunar valves
The closing of the atrioventricular valves
The second heart sound is caused by…
The closing of the atrioventricular valves
The closing of the semilunar valves
The opening of the atrioventricular valves
The opening of the semilunar valves
The closing of the semilunar valves
The volume of blood in the left ventricle increases…
at a steady rate throughout ventricular filling
fastest in the first half of ventricular filling
fastest in the last half of ventricular filling
fastest in the first half of ventricular filling
The volume of blood in the left ventricle decreases…
at a steady rate throughout ventricular ejection
fastest in the first half of ventricular ejection
fastest in the last half of ventricular ejection
fastest in the first half of ventricular ejection
In response to a single action potential in a cardiomyocyte, enough calcium enters the sarcoplasm to saturate troponin.
True
False
False
Cardiomyocytes use summation to generate greater tension.
True
False
False
Cardiomyocytes never experience tetanus.
True
False
True
The cardiomyocyte action potential is about as long as systole.
True
False
True
Which has a greater influence on the flow of blood?
The length of the blood vessel
The radius of the blood vessel
The viscosity of the blood
The radius of the blood vessel
\n Blood flow through a section of an arteriole is…
Constant throughout the diameter of the vessel
Slower in the center of the lumen
Slower near the wall of the blood vessel
Slower near the wall of the blood vessel
The atrioventricular valves open when pressure is higher in the…
atria
ventricles
atria
The semilunar valves are open when pressure is higher in the…
arteries
ventricles
ventricles
The action potential of atrial cardiomyocytes has a shorter plateau phase than that of ventricular cardiomyocytes.
True
False
True
We need a large pressure difference across an open valve to get blood flow.
True
False
False
All the cardiomyocytes in the ventricles are linked by gap junctions.
True
False
True
Which part of the ventricular walls contract first?
near the apex
near the base
near the apex
A resting cardiomyocyte has a high permeability to…
calcium
potassium
sodium
potassium
During the plateau phase of the action potential, the cardiomyocyte has a high permeability to…
calcium
potassium
sodium
calcium
By definition, arteries carry…
Blood away from the heart
Blood toward the heart
Deoxygenated blood
Oxygenated blood
Blood away from the heart
Some arterioles and venules are visible without a microscope.
True
False
False
The diameter of a capillary is about the same diameter of a single red blood cell.
True
False
True
Males tend to have a higher hematocrit than females.
True
False
True
Which valve is most likely to develop an insufficiency?
Aortic semilunar valve
Bicuspid valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
The right ventricle has the same cardiac output of the left ventricle.
True
False
True
Phosphorylation of the F-type cation channel…
Decreases its permeability leading to a faster heart rate
Decreases its permeability leading to a slower heart rate
Increases its permeability leading to a faster heart rate
Increases its permeability leading to a slower heart rate
Increases its permeability leading to a faster heart rate
Parasympathetic activity to the SA node causes the most negative membrane potential in the SA node to be…
less negative
more negative
more negative
At rest,…
There is no nervous activity to the heart
There is parasympathetic activity to the heart
There is sympathetic activity to the heart
There is both parasympathetic and sympathetic activity to the heart
There is parasympathetic activity to the heart
Circulating epinephrine has the same effect on the heart as the sympathetic nervous activity to the heart.
True
False
True
Pre-load is the same as end systolic volume.
True
False
False
\n Increasing preload…
Increases the stretch on the ventricle
Decreases the stretch on the ventricle
Does not affect the stretch on the ventricle
Increases the stretch on the ventricle
A stretched cardiomyocyte contracts with more force because it…
Has less overlap of actin and myosin
Has more overlap of actin and myosin
Is less sensitive to calcium
Is more sensitive to calcium
Is more sensitive to calcium
Cardiomyocytes are at their optimum length for generation of force at their resting length.
True
False
False
By definition, veins carry…
blood toward the heart
deoxygenated blood
blood away from the heart
oxygenated blood
blood toward the heart
Most of the proteins in the blood are made by the…
heart
spleen
blood vessels
lungs
liver
kidneys
liver
Blood makes up about ______ % of body weight in an average person.
14
10
12
6
2
8
4
16
8
Put the following in order from most numerous to least numerous in the blood.
erythrocytes
platelets
neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils
________have the most F-type cation channels?
sinoatrial nodal cells
Purkinje fibers
atrioventricular nodal cells
bundles of His cells
sinoatrial nodal cells
Where does most of the gas, nutrient and waste product exchange occur?
arterioles
arteries
venules
capillaries
veins
capillaries
Electrical activity conducts the slowest through the…
ventricular cardiomyocytes
atrioventricular node
Purkinje fibers
bundles of His
sinoatrial node
atrial cardiomyocytes
atrioventricular node
Put the following parts of the heart in order from the first to depolarize to the last to depolarize.
the sinoatrial node
the atrial cardiomyocytes
the atrioventricular node
the bundles of His
the Purkinje fibers
the majority of the ventricular cardiomyocytes
Electrocardiograms measure ___________ voltage.
extracellular
intracellular
extracellular
A wave of depolarization in the heart that moves toward the negative electrode in an ECG lead would cause __________________________ deflection on the ECG.
an upward
a downward
no
a downward
A wave of depolarization in the heart that moves toward the positive electrode in an ECG lead would cause ______________ deflection on the ECG.
an upward
a downward
no
an upward
A wave of repolarization in the heart that moves toward the negative electrode in an ECG lead would cause _____________ deflection on the ECG.
an upward
a downward
no
an upward
A wave of repolarization in the heart that moves toward the positive electrode in an ECG lead would cause ____________ deflection on the ECG.
an upward
a downward
no
a downward
Pressures are lower in the pulmonary trunk and right ventricle than they are in the aorta and left ventricle.
True
False
True
The pressure changes on the left side of the heart and the right side of the heart are qualitatively similar.
True
False
True
The largest volume of blood is in the ventricle during
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
The smallest volume of blood is in the ventricle during
Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
The ventricular walls are…
The same thickness on the right and left sides of the heart
Thicker on right side of the heart
Thicker on the left side of the heart
Thicker on the left side of the heart
According to the lecture video, highly trained aerobic athletes can increase their cardiac output by up to…
7 times resting values
4 times resting values
3 times resting values
2 times resting value
6 times resting values
5 times resting values
7 times resting values
What type of adrenergic receptor is present on SA nodal cells?
beta 1
beta 2
beta 3
There are no adrenergic receptors on SA nodal cells.
alpha 1
alpha 2
beta 1
What type of muscarinic receptor is present on SA nodal cells?
M2
M4
M1
There are no muscarinic receptors on SA nodal cells.
M3
M5
M2
What type of receptor are all beta-adrenergic receptors?
Tyrosine kinase-associated receptors
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Guanylyl cyclase receptors
Intracellular receptors
Ion channel receptors
Gi protein-coupled receptors
Gq protein-coupled receptors
Gs protein-coupled receptors
Gs protein-coupled receptors
What type of receptor is the muscarinic receptor on the heart?
Intracellular receptors
Guanylyl cyclase receptors
Gi protein-coupled receptors
Gq protein-coupled receptors
Tyrosine kinase-associated receptors
Gs protein-coupled receptors
Ion channel receptors
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Gi protein-coupled receptors
In normal physiology, if one cardiomyocyte depolarizes, they all depolarize.
True
False
True
the inactivation gate of the volatge-gated sodium channel opens in response to…
depolarization
repolarization/hyperpolarization
repolarization/hyperpolarization
F-type cation channels open in response to…
depolarization
repolarization/hyperpolarization
repolarization/hyperpolarization
The upswing of the action potential in a nodal cell is due to the opening of…
Fast voltage-gated sodium channels
F-type cation channels
L-type calcium channels
T-type calcium channels
L-type calcium channels
A wave of depolarization in the heart that moves perpendicular to an ECG lead would cause __________ deflection on the ECG.
a downward
an upward
no
No
Increasing contractility with no change in venous return can lead to a sustained increase in cardiac output.
True
False
False
What type of adrenergic receptor is present on contractile cardiomyocytes?
A1
A2
B1
B2
B3
There are no adrenergic receptors on contractile cardiomyocytes
B1
If blood is allowed to clot before being separated in a centrifuge, the fluid at the top of the tube is called _______.
Serum
The goal of the cardiovascular system is to get blood to the _________ because that is where gas, nutrient and waste product exchange can occur.
Capillaries
The resistance to blood flow is due to _______.
Friction
What neurotransmitter is released by the parasympathetic neurons onto the heart?
Acetylcholine
What organ makes most of the proteins in the blood?
Liver
What word means contraction in the heart?
Systole
What is the purpose of the papillary muscles in the ventricles of the heart?
Prevent the atrioventricular valves from prolapsing.
The upswing of the action potential in a cardiomyocyte is due to the opening of…
Fast voltage-gated sodium channels
F-type cation channels
L-type calcium channels
T-type calcium channels
Fast voltage-gated sodium channels
No arterioles nor venules are visible without a microscope.
True
False
True
more blood enters the ventricle in the first half of ventricular filling than during atrial systole.
True
False
True
A semilunar valve stenosis would be heard….
After the first heart sound
After the second heart sound
After the first heart sound
The smallest volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of
Systole
Diastole
Systole
Parasympathetic activity….heart contractility
Directly decreases
Directly increases
Does not directly change
Does not directly change
Dephosphorylation of the F-type cation channel would….
Decreases its permeability leading to a faster heart rate
Decreases its permeability leading to a slower heart rate
Increases its permeability leading to a faster heart rate
Increases its permeability leading to a slower heart rate
Decreases its permeability leading to a slower heart rate
From mid-diastole to start of systole, ventricular pressure is….
Decreasing because its losing more blood
Decreasing because it compliance is increasing
Increasing because its receiving more blood
Increasing because its compliance is decreasing
Increasing because its receiving more blood
Note 
Flashcard (25)