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Existentialism
Life has little to no meaning, man is alone in an indifferent universe, and we are only responsible for our own actions.
Existentalism (Founder & Playwrights)
France
Jean Paul Sorte and Albert Camus [No Exit]
Theatre of the Absurd
The futility of life, sparse language, illogical circular structure, avant-garde domestic form.
Theatre of the Absurd (Founder)
England
Martin Esselin
Samuel Beckett
Krappās Last Tape
Waiting for Godot
Eugene Ionesco
The Bald Soprano
The Chairs
Harold Pinter
The Dumbwaiter
The Birthday Party
Waiting for Godot
Two tramps who meet each day waiting for an unknown figure to come.
Directors of Absurdism
Alan Schneider carefully illuminated the enigmatic texts of Beckett, Albee, and Pinter.
Peter Hall was the artistic director of the Royal Shakespeare Company and National Theatre.
Happenings
Nonstructural events that occurred with a minimum of planning and organization. They could happen anywhere not just museums, galleries or concert halls they can happen on street corners, grocery stores, and etc.
Multimedia
Joins theatre with other arts, especially dance, film, television, and other digital media.
Josef Svoboda
His works are centered on the concept of kinetics (art must be in motion).
Laterna Magika - screens in conjunction with actors.
Polekran - means āmultiscreenā and refers to multiple screens at multiple angles and heights.
Environmental Theatre
The entire space is a performance spaceāimplying that the formal division between performers and spectators is artificial.
Environmental Theater (founders)
Richard Schechner (American)
Jerzy Grotowski (Poland)
Peter Brook
Director
Wrote āThe Empty Spaceā
Deadly ācommercialā Theater
Jerzy Grotowski
Coined the term āPoor Theaterā
Viewed theatre as an art, not as a social construct.
Experimented with various spatial arrangements.
Worked with The polish Laboratory Theatre.
Paratheatrical Experiments
Rituals of daily life mean to rediscover the origins of theater.
Eclectics
Were artist that experimented with various techniques, their output defies easy categorization.
American Directors of Eclectics
Jean-Louis Barrault, Charles Dullin, Antonin Artaud
Italian Directors of Eclectics
Giorgio Strehler and Franco Zeffirelli
The Living Theatre
Founded by Julian Beck and Judith Malina in 1947.
Political activism
Improv/poetry
Paradise Now (1968)
La MaMa
Founded by Ellen Stewart
Produces works by minorities
Marginalized/ lesser known artists
The Public
Founded by Joseph Papp
Post Modernism
Suggest a general distrust of objective truth, narratives, rationality, theories, and definitions of art.
The Performance Group
Founded by Richard Schechner
Environmental Staging
Dionysus in ā69 (1969)
The Wooster Group
Founded by Elizabeth LeCompte
Deconstruction of classic texts
Multimedia
Mabou Mines
Founded by Lee Breuer
Developed many theatre pieces using imagery and techniques from pop culture.
Site-specific theatre
Productions that are created for specific non theatre locations.
Alternative American Directors
Richard Foreman, Robert Wilson, Des McAnuff (Gimme Shelter), Petter Stellars(The Inspector General), and Anne Boggart.
Performance Art
Alternative form of ātheater.ā Often using visual art, dance, and popular entertainment.
Bill Irwin
Clown
āNew Vaudvilleā
Anna Deavere Smith
Verbatim Theatre
Solo Performance