Anatomical Terminology

• 2 posterior regions of the head :: otic, occipital
• 5 anterior regions of the pelvis :: coxal, inguinal, perineal, pubic, pudendal
• 7 posterior regions of the trunk :: vertebral, scapular, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, gluteal
• 8 anterior regions of the trunk :: acromial, throacic, pectoral, mammary, sternal, abdominal, umbilical, caudal
• 9 anterior head regions :: cephalic, frontal, orbital, nasal, oral, mental, buccal, lingual, cervical
• 9 upper body regions :: axillary, brachial, antebrachial, cubital, antecubital, olecranon, carpal, manual, digital
• 13 lower extremity regions :: femoral, geniculate, patellar, popliteal, crural, sural, fibular (peroneal), tarsal, calcaneal, pedal, dorsum, plantar, digital
• abdominal :: abdomen
• abdominal cavity :: Cavity housing intestines
• acromial :: shoulder
• anatomical position :: erect, feet forward, arms at side with palms anterior and thumbs lateral
• antebrachial :: forearm
• anterior (ventral) :: toward the front
• appendicular :: limbs
• axial :: head, neck, trunk
• axillary :: armpit
• brachial :: upper arm
• buccal :: cheek
• calcaneal :: heel
• cardiovascular system function :: transports nutrients and waste, immune function
• cardiovascular system parts :: heart, blood vessels, and blood
• carpal :: wrist
• caudal :: toward the tail
• cephalic :: head
• cervical :: neck
• coxal :: hip
• cranial cavity :: houses the brain
• crural :: lower leg
• cubital :: elbow
• deep :: away from the surface
• digestive system function :: mechanical and chemical breakdown of ingested foods and absorption
• digestive system parts :: mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
• digital :: fingers, toes
• distal :: away from the point of attachment
• dorsal body cavities :: cranial and vertebral
• dorsum :: top of foot
• endocrine system function :: secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism by body cells
• endocrine system parts :: pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, ovaries, testes, and pancreas
• femoral :: thigh
• frontal/coronal plane :: vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
• geniculate :: knee
• gluteal :: butt
• inferior :: below
• inguinal :: groin
• inner serous membrane :: visceral
• integumentary function :: regulation, protection, prevents water loss
• integumentary system parts :: hair, skin, nails, sweat glands
• lateral :: away from the midline
• ligaments :: attach bone to bone
• LLQ :: colon, small intestine, ureter
• LRQ :: appendix, cecum
• lumbar :: area of back between ribs and hips
• lymphatic system function :: immune response, circulatory functions, fat absorbtion
• lymphatic system parts :: vessels, nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, and lymph tissue
• mammary :: breast
• manual :: hand
• medial :: toward the midline
• mediastinum :: space between the lungs
• mental :: chin
• midsaggital (median) plane :: lies on midline
• muscular system function :: movements, posture, and generates heat
• nasal :: nose
• nervous system functions :: sensory input, integration, motor output
• nervous system parts :: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors
• occipital :: back of head
• olecranon :: back of elbow
• oral :: mouth
• orbital :: eye
• otic :: ear
• outer serous membrane :: parietal
• parasagittal plane :: offset from the midline or midsagittal plane
• patellar :: front of knee
• pedal :: foot
• pelvic cavity :: holds urogenital organs, urinary bladder, reproductive organs
• pericardium :: contains the heart
• perineal :: region between the anus and external genitalia (entire pelvic floor)
• perotineal cavity :: space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
• plantar :: sole of foot
• pleural :: contains the lungs
• popliteal :: back of knee
• posterior :: toward the back
• posterior (dorsal) :: toward the back
• prone :: lying face down
• proximal :: closer to the point of attachment
• pubic :: genital region
• pudendal :: external genitalia
• Reproductive system function :: reproduction, produce sex cells and hormones
• reproductive system parts (male) :: testes, prostate, scrotum, penis, and the duct system
• reproductive system parts (women) :: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, mammary glands, and vagina
• respiratory system function :: oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
• respiratory system parts :: nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
• sacral :: lower back, sacrum
• scapular :: shoulder blade
• serous membrane function :: minimizes friction and wear on organs
• skeletal system functions :: provides support, strength, protection, and mineral/fat storage; blood cells made in bone marrow
• skeletal system parts :: bones, cartilages, ligaments, and tendons
• sternal :: breastbone area
• superficial :: near the surface
• superior :: above
• supine :: lying face up
• sural :: calf
• tarsal :: ankle
• tendons :: attach muscle to bone
• thoracic cavity :: mediastinum, pleural, pericardial
• thoracic/pectoral :: chest
• transverse (horizontal) plane :: divides the body into superior and inferior parts
• ULQ :: stomach, pancreas, spleen
• umbilical :: belly button, navel
• urinary system functions :: waste removal, regulates pH, water balance
• urinary system parts :: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
• URQ :: liver, gallbladder
• ventral body cavities :: thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, serous membranes
• vertebral :: spine
• vertebral cavity :: contains the spinal cord

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