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Expansion and Change in the 15th and 16th Centuries

Reasons for Expansion

Why Did Portugal and Other European Countries Want to Explore?

• For a long time, Europe was cut off from other places. They wanted to know about other cultures and lands.

• People were curious about new worlds and wanted to explore them.

• There was a strong need to meet unknown people. Every country wanted to be the first to explore.

• As Europe faced problems like not having enough resources, many countries became interested in finding new places.

What Did Prince Henry the Navigator Do?

• He learned a lot about lands beyond a place called Cape Bojador, which was tough for sailors to get past.

• His goal was to trade with new Christian lands and spread Christianity.

• He studied the power of the Moors and created plans to get support against Muslim powers that were in his way.

• He really wanted to share the Christian faith and help make it grow.

Portuguese Society in the 15th Century

Panels of St. Vincent of Fora:

• These pictures showed how important exploration was to people back then.

Key Portuguese Ports:

• Important ports for ships included Caminha, Ponte de Lima, Esposende, Leça, Matosinhos, Lisbon, and Setúbal. These ports were like gateways for ships to launch and trade with other lands.

Conditions for Expansion

Geography and Culture:

• Portugal had a long coastline and many ports, which helped in exploring the sea.

• The people had a tradition of fishing and trading, so they knew a lot about the ocean.

• The king supported exploration, which made it easier to send out expeditions.

Technical Progress:

• They learned to navigate better, which made it safer to travel on the sea.

• They also created detailed maps and better ships, like the caravel, which could sail better against the wind.

Maritime Expansion and Conquest of Ceuta

Taking Over Ceuta in 1415:

• This was the first big step for European expansion to control important trade routes in the Mediterranean.

• While they expected quick profits, they faced many losses too, which changed how trade worked in the area.

Vasco da Gama’s Journey to India

Arrival in India in 1498:

• This event was really important because it found a direct sea route to Asia, very important for trading spices.

• This new route upset Venice's control over Eastern trade and made Portugal a major trading power.

Portugal’s Relationship with Brazil

Finding Brazil by Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500:

• At first, Brazil was not a big focus compared to Eastern trade, but later it became very important when trade in the East got tough. It opened doors for sugar farms and more.

Effects of Expansion and Exploration

Exploring and Colonizing:

• The Portuguese wanted to find wealth and set up their cultures and religions in new places.

• Their approach mixed trade with the mission to spread Christianity.

Cultural and Economic Growth:

• Portugal and its colonies grew a lot from activities in the Atlantic Islands and Brazil, including parts of the new farming styles and cultures.

• The introduction of cash crops like sugar changed the economies tremendously.

The Renaissance:

• During this time, new ideas, art, and learning spread out from Italy to the rest of Europe.

• The Renaissance encouraged curiosity and creativity, leading to advancements in art, science, and literature. This period helped shape European exploration as people wanted to explore and learn more about the world.

Conclusion

• The events of the 15th and 16th centuries show how people sought new trade routes and cultural connections that changed Europe and the world.

• The Renaissance brought new ways of thinking and creating that greatly influenced society.

• The explorations and encounters in this time created major changes in social structures, economies, and the arts, laying the groundwork for modern globalization and ongoing cultural exchanges today

1. Reasons for Expansion

2. Why Did Portugal and Other European Countries Want to Explore?

3. What Did Prince Henry the Navigator Do?

4. Portuguese Society in the 15th Century

5. Panels of St. Vincent of Fora

6. Key Portuguese Ports

7. Conditions for Expansion

8. Geography and Culture

9. Technical Progress

10. Maritime Expansion and Conquest of Ceuta

11. Taking Over Ceuta in 1415

12. Vasco da Gama’s Journey to India

13. Arrival in India in 1498

14. Portugal’s Relationship with Brazil

15. Finding Brazil by Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500

16. Effects of Expansion and Exploration

17. Exploring and Colonizing

18. Cultural and Economic Growth

19. The Renaissance

20. Conclusion