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Explain this exam: N2 + O2 —> 2NO Where does the activation energy come from?
Nitrogen gas reacting with oxygen gas to form nitrogen oxide during thunderstorms. activation energy provided by lightning
Explain this reaction: 2NO + O2 —> 2NO2
in the atmosphere: NO is oxidized by oxygen to form NO2 (Nitrogen Dioxide)
Explain this rxn: 2NO2 + H2O + ½ O2 —> 2HNO3 (aq) What cycle is this part of?
Nitrogen dioxide reacting with water in the atmosphere to form nitric acid
vital part of the natural nitrogen cycle
Haber Process + Catalyst
N2 + 3H2 ←→ 2NH3
Catalyst: Fe
How ammonia gas is prepared in the lab
2NH4Cl (s) + Ca(OH)2 (s) —> (heat) + CaCl2 (s) + 2H2O (l) + 2NH3 (g)
is ammonia basic or acid? What color does it turn red litmus paper?
Ammonia is basic. It turns red litmus paper blue.
Common ammonium salts used with a base to produce ammonia
NH4Cl - ammonium chloride
NH4NO3 - ammonium nitrate
(NH4)3PO4 - ammonium phosphate
(NH4)2SO4 - ammonium sulfate
Most ammonia is reacted with acids to make solid ammonium salts for …
fertilizer
ammonium salts used in fertilizers
Ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate
Used of nitric acid
TNT/explosives, detergents, dyes & pigments
environmental issue caused by nitrogen based fertilizers
eutrophication
leads to algal blooms and depletion of oxygen as bacteria feed on decomposing material from the blooms
environmental issues with car engines & nitrogen oxides
nitrogen oxides are released by cars. under the high pressure and high temperature of the engine, nitrogen oxides are formed and released in the car’s exhaust.
Nitrogen oxides cause acid rain and photochemical smog
formation of acid rain
Nitrogen oxides catalyze the oxidation of sulfur dioxide gas to sulfur trioxide
SO2 + NO2 —> SO3 + NO
SO3 reacts with water to form sulfuric acid
SO3 + H2O —> H2SO4 (aq)
what is installed in cars to reduce nitrogen oxide pollutants ? how does it do this?
catalytic converters.
the hot catalyst reduces the nitrogen oxides to harmless nitrogen gas
2CO + 2NO —> 2CO2 + N2
effects of acid rain
plants: leaches nutrients from soil, corroded waxy layer on leaves, which leaves plants vulnerable
Rivers/lakes: cause drop in pH, harms aquatic animals, reduces population, disrupts food chain
building materials like carbonate rocks (limestone) and iron (as steel) are corroded
Contact process
industrial process for making sulfuric acid
uses of sulfuric acid
manufacture fertilizers, detergents, paints, pigments, dyes, synthetic fibers, plastic, used in car batteries, tanning leather & cleaning metal surfaces
