MYCOVI DNA VIRUS

Virus

A simple structure consisting essentially of a nucleic acid genome, protected by a shell of protein.

Virion

Infectious virus particle.

Capsid

Protein shell that surrounds and protects the viral genome.

Nucleocapsid

The combination of the viral genome and its capsid.

Envelope

Lipoprotein membrane surrounding some viruses, derived from the host cell's plasma membrane.

Glycoproteins

Proteins found in the envelope of the virion, usually glycosylated.

Helical morphology

A form of viral morphology seen in many filamentous viruses.

Icosahedral morphology

A symmetrical virus shape characterized by 20 triangular faces.

dsDNA

Double-stranded DNA viruses, such as Adenoviruses or Herpesviruses.

ssRNA

Single-stranded RNA viruses, including both positive and negative sense.

Viremic

The presence of virus in the blood.

Incubation period

The time from exposure to a virus to the onset of clinical symptoms.

Cell tropism

The specificity of a virus for a particular cell type, determined by receptor interaction.

Antibody response

The production of specific antibodies in response to a viral infection.

Pathogenesis

The process through which a viral infection leads to disease.

Immunocompromised

Individuals with weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections.

Acyclovir

An antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by certain types of viruses, including herpes.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A laboratory technique used to amplify DNA sequences, often used for viral detection.

Vaccine

A biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease.

Antisense molecules

Synthetic agents designed to bind to specific RNA molecules to inhibit virus replication.

Zoonosis

An infection that is typically transmitted from animals to humans.

Epidemiological pattern

The distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations.

Monospot test

A diagnostic test for infectious mononucleosis, typically detecting heterophile antibodies.

Hepatitis A Virus

A non-enveloped virus causing liver inflammation; transmitted via fecal-oral route.

Hepatitis B Virus

A virus that can cause chronic liver disease and is transmitted through blood and body fluids.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

A virus that attacks the immune system and can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Retrovirus

A type of virus that inserts a copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell.

Viral attachment and entry inhibitors

Antiviral drugs that block the virus from attaching to or entering host cells.

Oncolytic viruses

Viruses that selectively infect and kill cancer cells.

Ribozymes

RNA molecules that can catalyze specific biochemical reactions.

Glycosylated

The process of adding carbohydrate groups to proteins, often important in viral structure.

T lymphocytes

A type of white blood cell that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.

Informal transmission

The spread of pathogens indirectly, through surfaces or other environmental means.

Antiviral agents

Substances that inhibit the replication of viruses.

Epidemiological study

Research designed to investigate the patterns, causes, and control of diseases in populations.

Neutralization

The process where antibodies bind to viruses and block their ability to infect host cells.

Core proteins

Proteins that are part of the inner structure of a virus, essential for its replication.

Humoral immune response

The aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies produced by B cells.

Infectious mononucleosis

An illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like fever and sore throat.

Immunization

The process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent.

Filamentous viruses

Viruses that have a long, thin shape.

Poxviruses

A family of viruses that cause pox-like lesions in infected individuals.

Lipid solvents

Chemicals that can disrupt lipid membranes, often used to inactivate enveloped viruses.

Neuraminidase inhibitors

A class of antiviral drugs that prevent the release of viruses from infected cells.

Fomites

Inanimate objects or materials that can carry infection.

Chronic infection

An infection that persists over a long period, often without causing noticeable symptoms.

Resolution

The process of recovery from an infection.

Inoculation

Introducing a pathogen into the body for the purpose of establishing an infection or immunization.

Cytopathic effect

Visible effects of viral infection observed in a host cell.

Convalescence

The period of recovery after a disease.

Endemic

A disease or condition regularly found among particular people or in a certain area.

Epitope

The part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself.

Natural selection

The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.