Exam 1 Vocab

from LP summaries

microorganism

microorganism

a microscopic organism that consists of a single cell or cell cluster

taxonomy

the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms

ecology

branch of biology that deals with the relationship between organisms and their environment

ecosystem

a community of interacting organisms

habitat

the environment of an organism

pathogen

a microorganism that causes disease

archaea

prokaryotic single celled organisms

bacteria

unicellular microorganisms with no organelles

chemolithotroph

generate energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules

chemoorganotroph

generate energy by oxidizing organic molecules

chromosone

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes (we have 23)

cytoplasm

fluid inside a cell but outside the nucleus

domain

the three domains of life, largest group of classification

eurkarya

cells with a nucleus

evolution

changes in biology overtime

extremophile

an organism that thrives in extreme environments

morphology

branch of biology that is concerned with the form of organisms and their relationship to one another

nucleoid

cluser of lose DNA found in prokaryoes

nucleus

organelle that stores DNA in eukaryotes

organelle

organs in a cell

phylogeny

classification of organisms using DNA sequence

proteobacteria

major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria

ribosome

Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis. Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA molecules to form polypeptide chains.

horizontal gene transfer

when unrelated organisms pass along genes

bacterial strain

A strain is a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism

what is the Mnemonic for naming

King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain