DPT 746 Week 1 Lecture Notes Pt. 1

Brain

AKA (Encephalon). Contains;

• Forebrain

• Midbrain

• Hindbrain

Forebrain

Cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus

Cerebrum

Part of your brain that starts and manages conscious thoughts; meaning, things that you actively think about or do.

Thalamus

Only 1

Acts as the brain's central relay and processing center, receiving most sensory and motor information (except olfaction) before sending it to the cerebral cortex for higher-level processing

Hypothalamus

2 of them

Maintaining body temperature, controlling appetite and thirst, managing sleep-wake cycles, regulating emotional responses, and influencing sexual behavior

Spinal cord

AKA myelon

Midbrain

Pituitary gland

Hindbrain

Pons, medulla, cerebellum

Pons

Medulla oblongata

Cerebellum

Cerebral cortex

The outer layer of the brain, composed of gray matter. It is responsible for higher-order brain functions

Brainstem

In the lowest part of the brain (just above the back of the neck) and is made up of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Frontal

Name the lobe

Parietal

Name the lobe

Temporal

Name the lobe

Occipital

Name the lobe

Insula

Name the lobe

Interhemispheric

Name the fissure

Lateral/Sylvian

Name the fissure

Precentral gyrus

Central sulcus

Postcentral gyrus

Superior temporal gyrus

Gyrus

Sulcus

Fissure

_____: A ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex

_____: A shallow groove

_____: A deep groove that divides the brain's cerebral hemispheres or separates major lobes

Calcarine sulcus

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Deep sulcus

Cingulate gyrus

Fornix

Corpus callosum

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Hypothalamic sulcus

Interthalamic adhesion

A bridge of neural tissue that connects the medial surfaces of the two thalami, crossing the third ventricle in the center of the brain

Tectum

Diencephalon

Corpora quadrigemina

Composed of superior and inferior parts

Superior colliculus

Inferior colliculi

Tegmentum

Substantia nigra

Red nucleus

Cerebral aqueduct

Periaqueductal gray

A midbrain region surrounding the cerebral aqueduct, crucial for integrating behavioral and physiological responses to internal and external stressors

Pineal gland

Crus cerebri

Tectum, tegmentum, cerebral peduncles

What makes up the midbrain?

White matter

Myelinated nerve fibers

Gray matter

Central core of spinal cord

Dorsal horns

Sensory neurons

Ventral horns

Motor neurons

Lateral horn

Preganglionic sympathetic neruons

12

31

afferent

efferent

Peripheral Nervous

• Cranial nerves – ___ pairs

First two are attached to forebrain, for special sense. Technically part of CNS

• Spinal nerves – ___ pairs

– Dorsal roots

• Carry _____ fibers with cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia – Ventral roots

• Carry _____ fibers with cell bodies in spinal gray matter

External

Internal

• Somatic nervous system:

– Detecting changes in _____ environment

– control of movement

• Autonomic nervous system:

– Innervates visceral structures

– Important in homeostasis of the _____ environment

• Components are present in both the CNS and PNS.

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Autonomic Nervous System

• _____ division – Fight or flight

• _____ division – Rest and digest

– Feed and breed

Dura

Arachnoid

Pia

Meninges

• Meningeal layers:

1. _____ mater–tough,fibrous coat

• Falx cerebri

• Tentorium cerebelli

• Subdural space

2. _____ mater – translucent, collagenous membrane

• Subarachnoid space

3. _____ mater – thin, delicate membrane attached directly to brain

Dura mater

The tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord.

Falx cerebri

A sickle-shaped fold of dura mater, the tough outer membrane covering the brain

Tentorium cerebelli

A strong, horizontal sheet of tissue that separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobe

Subdural space

A thin, potential space located between the two innermost layers of the meninges, the dura mater and arachnoid mater, that cover the brain and spinal cord

Arachnoid mater

A thin, delicate membrane that forms the middle layer of the meninges, the protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord

Subarachnoid space

A narrow, fluid-filled cavity located between the brain and spinal cord and the meninges that cover them

Pia mater

The delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord.

Cerebrospinal

choroid

_____ Fluid

• Clear watery fluid that is inside the ventricles and around the brain and spinal cord

• Produced by the _____ plexus

• Within the subarachnoid space, CSF serves partially to cushion the brain.

Neuron

Neuroglia

Ganglion

Nuclei

Tracts

White

Gray

Tissues of the Nervous System

• _____ = nerve cell

• _____ - hold nerve cells in place and help them work the way they should

• _____ – Compact group of nerve cell bodies located in the PNS

• _____ – compact group of nerve cell bodies located in the CNS

• Tracts – Nerve fiber, share similar connections and functions

• _____ matter – Nerve fibers (axons) and their myelin coverings

• _____ matter – Masses of cell bodies that contain pigments