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What is the definition of a "State"?

Politically organized territory administered by a sovereign state government, with a permanent population, and recognized by the international community

What is the difference between a "State" and a "Nation" and give 2 examples of each?

A nation is a group of people with a common language, ethnicity, religion, and other cultural attributes but a state refers to a piece of land with a single government. An example of a nation is South Korea while an example of a state is Afghanistan

What does "sovereignty" mean?

Supreme power or authority

Who owns "Antarctica"

Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom

List the top 5 countries in land area in the world?

Russia, Canada, USA, People's Republic of China, and Brazil

What are "Microstates" and give 2 examples in Europe and 2 examples in Asia?

A state with a small population or land area

Europe: Liechtenstein, Monaco

Asia: Singapore, Taiwan

What is a "City-state" where did the first ones develop?

city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state

First ones developed in the Sumerian empire (Ur)

What is a colony? And why were they established by European nations (2 reasons)?

A country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

To gain resources

Convert people in colonies to christianity

What is "Imperialism"?

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

What is the definition of a "boundary"?

A line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line.

What 2 countries had the largest colonial empires in Africa?

Britain and France

Compact States-

Wyoming, North Dakota

Prorupted States

Thailand, Nambia

Elongated States

Chile, Vietnam

Fragmented States

Philippines, Indonesia

Perforated States-

South Africa, Italy

What is a "Landlocked State" and give 3 examples in Europe; 3 examples in Asia; 4 examples in Africa; and 2 in South America?

A landlocked state is a sovereign state completely enclosed by land

Europe: Moldova, Macedonia, and Switzerland

Asia: Laos, Mongolia, and Tajikistan

Africa: Chad, Niger, and Zambia

South America: Paraguay and Bolivia

Using Africa as an example, give 2 problems of landlocked countries.

Chad, Botswana

What is a "Frontier" and give 2 examples?

A zone where no state exercises control. France and England during colonial times, Arabian peninsula

How are "Cultural Boundaries" determined?

Differences in ethnicity, such as language and religion

Give 2 examples of "Geometric Boundaries".

Rivers and mountains

What are 2 problems with "Geometric Boundaries"?

They make people stuck where they already are

Give 2 examples of "Religious Boundaries"

India, Pakistan, Northern Ireland

Under what conditions were "Language Boundaries" created?

The line separating two language areas. If two adjacent languages or dialects are mutually intelligible, no firm border will develop, because the two languages can continually exchange linguistic inventions; this is known as a dialect continuum.

What is the problem with "Language Boundaries"?

Lack of understanding between the members

Where is Cyprus and why was the "Green Line" established?

It is a small island near the west coast of turkey. Cyprus has been divided since 1974 when Turkey invaded the north in response to a military coup on the island which was backed by the Athens government. The island was effectively partitioned with the northern third inhabited by Turkish Cypriots and the southern two-thirds by Greek Cypriots

What is a "Buffer Zone" and what is its purpose?

Area consisting of 2 or more countries located between two larger countries in conflict

What is the difference between a "Unitary State(country) ; a Federal State; and a "Confederate State"?

Unitary State- Strong federal government and weaker governments under it

Federal State- Power is shared equally between the central government and the smaller governments underneath it

Confederate State- Weaker federal government and stronger smaller governments underneath it

What is "Electoral Geography"?

Analysis of the methods, the behavior, and the results of elections in the context of geographic space and using geographical techniques.

What is "Gerrymandering" and why is it done?

Redistricting districts to give one political party an advantage

What is the main purpose of the United Nations?

Maintaining worldwide peace and security. Developing relations among nations. Fostering cooperation between nations in order to solve economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian international problems.

What 3 countries belong to the following supranational organizations and give the purpose of organization:

a. OPEC Iraq, Iran, and Kuwait b. OAS- Chile, Brazil, and Columbia c. European Union- Germany, France, and Italy d. ANZUS- Australia, New Zealand, and USA

What exactly is "Terrorism"?

the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

What is the difference between Genocide and Ethnic cleansing? Give examples of both.

Genocide- the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation. Holocaust, Rwanda

Ethnic Cleansing - the mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society. Armenian massacres, the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina