MKD Era 1 APWH

When did the Founding of Islam occur?

622

What impact did Muhammed have on the founding of Islam?

He was the first prophet. He spread the teachings of Islam across the Arabian Peninsula.

When was printing invented in China?

c. 730

What was the impact of the invention of printing?

It expanded accessibility to books and educational materials and increased the number of literary works.

What was the drawback of the invention of printing?

It was limited to the literate population, which tended to be the priveliged classes.

When did the Battle of Tours start?

732 AD

Who led the Battle of Tours?

Charles Martel on the Frankish side and Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi on the Umayyad Caliphate’s side.

Where did the Battle of Tours occur?

Tours, France

What was the significance of the Battle of Tours?

It halted Islamic expansion into Western Europe, preserving Christianity as the dominant faith in the region.

When did the Great Schism occur?

1054

What was the significance of the Great Schism?

It led to the seperation of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church (which is on the western side of Europe)

When was the Battle of Manzikert?

1071

Who was involved in the Battle of Manzikert?

The Seljuk Turks vs. Byzantine Empire (the Eastern Roman Empire, centered in Constantinople (present day istanbul))

What was the significance of the Battle of Manzikert?

Its Seljuk victory, which opened the door for Turkish migration into Asia Minor (the westernmost parts of Asia), leading to the loss of this vital Byzantine territory and the eventual Turkification and Islamization of the region

When did the 1st crusade occur?

1095

What was the significane of the 1st crusade?

It was the only crusade to see a clear victory, allowing Christian rule to follow for 88 years. It led to the expansion of gloal trade, the combination of Byzantine and Islamic cultures with European culture, and the Renaissance. Addtionally, it led to the principle of secularism (the seperation of church and state).

What was the first crusade?

A series of religious wars, supported by the Latin Church. Their aim was to return the Holy Land (which was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate at the time) to Christian rule.

When did Genghis Khan begin the Mongol Conquests?

1206

What is Genghis Khan known for?

He led many brutal masscres and caused many casualties.

What empires did Genghis Khan overtake?

The Jin Empire (Manchuria, a Chinese dynasty, Kara-Khitan Empire (Central Asian empire), and the Khwarazm Empire (Sunni Muslim Empire of Turkic origin) fell to Genghis and became a part of his khanate (an political territory under a khan, who is the supreme ruler of turkic or mongol people)

When did the Mongol sack of Baghdad/the end of Abbasid Caliphate happen?

1258

What was the significance of the Mongol sack of Baghdad/the end of Abbasid Caliphate?

Destroyed the city and killed the caliph (the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler), alongside 200,000 residents

When did Marco Polo’s Travels occur?

1271-1295

What was the significance of Marco Polo’s travels?

He traveled to asian countries and wrote a book in Italy describing China’s innovation and prosperity. He sparked the Age of Exploration by increasing interest in Asian trade and culture, challenged perceptions of the East, and inspired future generations of explorers.

When did the Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty exist?

1279-1368

Why did the Yuan Dynasty work well?

They rebuilt the capital in Zhongdu (Beijing). They stuck to Chinese traditions. They were religiously tolerant, gaining loyal Buddhist and Daoist followers. Cultural trade and exchanges made them properous, and Kublai Khan did not struggle w governing a large territory like some others.

Why did the Yuan Dynasty fall?

The leaders alienated the Chinese population in favor of foreigners in their government and dismantling the civil service exam, which ruined the scholar-gentry class.

When was Masa Musa’s pilgrimage?

1324

Who was Manna Musa?

Musa, a Muslim and Malian Emperor, traveled to Mecca as a pilgrim, and it made him well known in North Africa and the Middle East.

What was the significance of Manna Musa’s pilgrimage?

He fostered the growth of the religion in his empire and led a large group of other pilgrims. Gave gold to cities he passed and the poor.

When did the Travels of Ibn Battuta happen?

1325-1349

What was the significance of the Travels of Ibn Battuta

Set off for Mecca for the annual hajj. Craving adventure, he did not return to Morocco, his home country, for the next 24 years. Traveled more than Zheng He and Marco Polo.

When did the Bubonic Plague happen in Europe?

1347-1348

What was the significance of the Bubonic Plague?

Saw deaths of millions, which led to developments regarding public health practices (e.g. quarantine) and medicine.

When did the Ming Dynasty exist?

1368-1644

What was the significance of the Ming Dynasty?

Known for its economic and social stability, refurbishment of the Great Wall of China, construction of the Forbidden City (an imperial palace complex in Beijing - most subjects were not allowed to enter) and a flourishing of arts and culture. The third emperor of this dynasty moved the capital to Beijing. The Yongle Emperor commissioned the famous voyages of Zheng He

Why did the Ming Dynasty fall?

Power declined due to internal corruption and peasant uprisings, which led to the Manchu invasion that established the Qing Dynasty. It was the last Chinese Dynasty to be ruled by the Han.

When did Zheng He’s 7 Voyages occur?

1405-1433

What was the significance of Zheng He’s 7 Voyages?

Established diplomatic and tributary relationships with over 30 countries. Brought back exotic goods like giraffes and spices. The largest naval prowess of its time.

When was the Rise of the Inca Empire?

1438

How did the Inca Empire start?

Began as a small kingdom in Cusco (their capital) in 1200. It grew in 1438 under the influence of Emperor Pachacuti. It stretched 2500 miles along the Pacific Coast. They had a centralized administration and used military conquest to build the largest empire in the Americas.

What were the major innovations of the Inca Empire?

Extensive Road system, chasquis (runners/messengars), and they used the Mita system (mandatory public service and labor tax used for forced labor), which enabled massive infrastructure projects.