Chapter 27-Soft tissue injuries

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

a) partial- thickness burn

b) second-degree burn

c) superficial burn

d) full- thickness burn

c) superficial burn

A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):

a) abrasion

b) crush injury

c) contusion

d) hematoma

c) contusion

A hematoma develops when:

a) cells and small vessels in the dermis are damaged

b) severe swelling compromises arterial circulation

c) large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged

d) small amounts of blood leak into the epidermis

c) large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:

a) fatty layer

b) epidermis

c) muscle fascia

d) dermal layer

d) dermal layer

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, except for the:

a) anus

b) nose

c) mouth

d) lips

d) lips

An abdominal evisceration:

a) occurs when organs protrude through an open wound

b) is most commonly the result of blunt force trauma

c) should be covered with a bulky dry, sterile dressings

d) often causes severe hypothermia because of heat loss

a) occurs when organs protrude through an open wound

An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n):

a) incision

b) amputation

c) avulsion

d) laceration

c) avulsion

Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following except:

a) immobilization of injury

b) prevention of contamination

c) protection from further injury

d) control of external hemorrhage

a) immobilization of the injury

Functions of the skin all of the following, except:

a) the production of key antibodies

b) maintenance of water balance

c) sending information to the brain

d) regulation of body temperature

a) the production of key antibodies

IN addition to external bleeding, the most significant risk that an open soft- tissue injury exposes a patient to is:

a) hypothermia

b) nerve damage

c) vessel damage

d) infection

d) infection

In addition to severe bleeding, the most life threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

a) an ischemic stroke

b) nerve fiber damage

c) a spinal fracture

d) an air embolism

d) an air embolism

In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human:

a) carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses

b) typically results in a minor infection that is slow- spreading

c) is usually less severe because the human mouth is cleaner

d) is associated with a much higher incidence of rabies infection

a) carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

a)subcutaneous layer

b) dermis

c) epidermis

d) muscular layer

c) epidermis

When assessing a patient with a closed soft- tissue injury, it is most important to:

a) recognize that the integrity of the skin is broken

b) manipulate the injury site for signs of a fracture

c) assess circulation distal to the site of injury

d) remain alert for more severe underlying injuries

d) remain alert for more severe underlying injuries

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

a) use forceful streams of water to remove the chemical

b) brush away the chemical before flushing with water

c) quickly irrigate the arm with large amounts of water

d) deactivate the chemical with a 5% vinegar solution

b) brush away the chemical before flushing with water

When treating a partial- thickness burn, you should:

a) immerse the affected part in warm water

b) avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics

c) rupture any blisters to prevent an infection

d) cover the burn with a moist, sterile dressing

b) avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?

a) back

b) soles of the feet

c) scalp

d) ears

d) ears

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old patient?

a) partial- thickness burn to 20% of the body surface area

b) superficial burn covering 50% of the body surface area

c) circumferential partial- thickness burn to the chest

d) full- thickness burn to 5% of the body surface area

c) circumferential partial- thickness burn to the chest

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?

a) a child's head is equal to 14% of his or her total body surface area

b) the posterior of a child's leg is equal to 13.5% of the body surface area

c) the anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the body surface area

d) the anterior arm in the adult is equal to 9% of the total body surface area

c) the anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the body surface area

You have applied a dressing and roller- gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:

a) carefully manipulate her arm until the symptoms subside

b) assess distal circulation an readjust the bandage as needed

c) remove the bandage and dressing and apply another one

d) remove the gauze bandage and replace it with an elastic one

a) assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed

a burn caused by heat

thermal burn

The inner layer of the skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels.

dermis

Burns that affect only the epidermis, characterized by skin that is red but not blistered or actually burned through.

superficial burns

Injuries in which damage occurs beneath the skin or mucous membrane but the surface of the skin remains intact

closed injuries

Injuries in which there is a break in the surface of the skin or the mucous membrane, exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination.

open injuries

A sharp, smooth cut in the skin.

incision

Significant metabolic derangement that develops when crushed extremities or body parts remain trapped for prolonged periods. This can lead to renal failure and death.

crush syndrome

Loss or damage of the superficial layer of skin as a result of a body part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface.

abrasion

A serious behavioral condition in which a person exhibits agitated behavior combined with disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions; also called agitated delirium or exhaustive mania.

excited delirium

A system that assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing calculation of the amount of skin surface involved in the burn area.

rule of nines

The displacement of organs outside of the body.