Cell Reproduction and Development

Flashcards covering concepts related to cell reproduction, development, and the effects of cell size on function.

Differentiation

The process by which unspecialised cells develop into specialised cells due to differences in gene expression.

Morphogen

Chemical signal molecules in gradients that influence cell differentiation based on their distance from the source.

Stem Cell Niche

An environment where stem cells are present in high numbers, allowing them to regenerate and/or differentiate.

Self-renewing Stem Cells

Stem cells that ensure a constant supply of stem cells for later differentiation, such as those found in bone marrow.

Epidermal Stem Cells

Stem cells located in hair follicles that are responsible for hair growth and skin regeneration.

Cell Size and Specialisation

The size and structure of cells are directly linked to their function; larger cells have different needs for material exchange.

SA:V Ratios

The ratio of surface area to volume in cells, which impacts the efficiency of material exchange; cells do not grow indefinitely due to limitations caused by this ratio.

Red Blood Cell Size

Typically around 7.5 µm in diameter.

White Blood Cell Size

Generally between 12-15 µm in diameter.

Neurons

The largest of all human cells, can be up to 350 mm long.