GQ DIGESTIVE

Segments of the digestive/alimentary canal

Mouth, pharynx ,esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

Digestive glands

Salivary glands, liver, pancreas

Accessory digestive structures in the mouth

Teeth, tongue, cheeks, lips, hard and soft palette

Segments of esophagus

Cervical, thoracic, abdominal

Concentric layers of esophagus

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia

Parts of stomach in monogastric animals

Cardia, fundus, body (corpus), pylorus

Sphincters of stomach

Cardiac sphincter (lower esophageal), pyloric sphincter

Concentric layers of stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Secretions of parietal and chief cells of the stomach

Parietal cells: hydrochloric acid (HCl), intrinsic factor; Chief cells: pepsinogen, gastric lipase

Surfaces of stomach

Parietal, visceral surfaces

Extremities of stomach

Right and left

Cardia and pylorus directed to what side of the body

Cardia: left side; Pylorus: right side

Peritoneal folds of stomach

Greater and lesser omentum, gastro pancreatic, splenic and phrenic

Segments of small intestine

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Describe duodenum

1st and most absorptive segment

Describe jejunum

longest and most movable segment, most absorptive region (longest kase)

Describe ileum

terminal segment, contains Peyer’s patches

Fixed part of small intestine

Duodenum (fixed to the posterior abdominal wall)

Mesenteric parts of small intestine

Jejunum, ileum

Double layer of peritoneum wherein the mesenteric part of small intestine is connected

Common Mesentery

fingerlike projections on surface of mucous membrane increasing absorptive surface

vili

Ducts that open into small intestine

Common bile duct, pancreatic duct

Segments of large intestine

Cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid), rectum

Longitudinal bands that run along the outside of intestine

Teniae or taenia

Sacculations caused by constriction of intestine

Haustra

Parts of colon

Ascending , transverse c, descending colon

Sphincter muscles of anus

Internal anal sphincter (involuntary), external anal sphincter (voluntary)

Principal types of salivary glands in animals

Parotid, submandibular (submaxillary), sublingual

Types of salivary secretions

Serous, mucous, mixed, zygomatic (dogs and cats)

Structural unit of the liver

Lobule

Main lobes of the liver

Right lobe, left lobe, median and caudate

Surfaces of the liver

parietal surface, visceral surface

Structures that enter the porta

Hepatic artery, portal vein, hepatic plexus of nerves

Enzymes secreted by the pancreas

Amylase, lipase, proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin), nucleases

Structures that leave the porta

duct, lymphatics

Ligaments of the liver

coronary, falciform, round, right triangular, left triangular, caudate

Cells and respective secretions of the islets of Langerhans

Alpha cells (glucagon), beta cells (insulin), delta cells (somatostatin), PP cells (pancreatic polypeptide)

Surfaces of pancreas

Dorsal and ventral

Borders of pancreas

right, left, posterior

Surfaces of spleen

parietal surface, visceral surface

Borders of spleen

anterior and posterior

Extremities of spleen

dorsal (base-wide) , ventral (apex-pointed)

Types of Teeth

Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars

Surfaces of Teeth

Occlusal, Buccal, Lingual, Mesial, Distal

Layers of Teeth

Enamel, Dentin, Pulp, Cement

Nipper Teeth

Incisors

Dental Pad is Present in These Animals

Ruminants (e.g., cattle, sheep, goats)

Holding Teeth

Canines

Grinding Teeth

Premolars, Molars

In Horses, the 1st Premolar Whenever Present is Called

Wolf tooth

Cutting Teeth

Incisors

2 Carnassial Teeth in Dogs

last upper premolar and lower 1st molar

Portion of Tooth Covered by Enamel

Crown

Portion of Tooth Covered with Cement

Root

Line of Junction Between the Crown and Root of Teeth

Cementoenamel junction or neck

Center of Tooth

Pulp cavity

Blood Supply of Teeth is Derived From

Internal Maxillary artery (via the dental branches)

Parts of Tongue

Apex, Body, Root

Main Types of Papillae

Filiform, Fungiform, vallate, Foliate

Motor Nerve Supply of Tongue

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Sensory Nerve Supply of Tongue

Lingual nerve (V3), Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), Vagus nerve (X)

Differentiate Anterior from Posterior Pillar of Soft Palate

Anterior pillar: from soft palate to uvula; Posterior pillar: from soft palate to pharynx

Surfaces of the Soft Palate

Oral surface, aboral surface

Bony Basis of Hard Palate

Pre maxilla, Maxilla, Palatine bones

Esophagus in This Animal is Voluntary as Far as the Base of Heart

horse

Esophagus in This Animal is Easily Dilatable and Voluntary Throughout

ox/sheep (ruminants)

pig

Ruminants (e.g., cattle, sheep, goats)

Esophagus in This Animal is Voluntary Throughout, constricted ventrally

Dog

Constricted Mucous Glands at Ventral Aspect of Dog Esophagus

isthmus oesophagi

Parts of Ruminant Stomach (and Other Terms)

Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum

Compartments of Proventriculi in Ruminant’s Stomach

No true proventriculus (they have four stomach compartments) so rumen, reticulum and omasum(?)

Lining Epithelium of Proventriculi

stratified squamous epithelium

The Atrium Ventriculi of Stomach is Situated at the Vertebral Extremities of What Ribs?

Ribs 8-9

Stomach Part in Ruminant that Occupies Most of the Left Half of Abdominal Cavity

Rumen

3 Variations in the Form of Mucus Mem of Rumen

foliate, filiform, club shaped

Anterior and Smallest of the Non-Glandular Stomach

Reticulum

Stomach Part in Ruminant in Which the Greater Part Lies on the Left Side

Reticulum

Stomach Part in Ruminant that Lies Chiefly on the Right Side of the Midline

Omasum

Stomach Part in Ruminant Which is an Elongated Sac

Abomasum

Proper Order of the Spiral Course of Esophageal Groove

backwards, outwards, downward, forward, inward

Animal with 70 Feet Small Intestine

Horse

Animal with Diverticulum Duodeni

horse

Animal with 130 Feet Small Intestine

Ox

Animal with 80 Feet Small Intestine

sheep or goat

Animal with 60 Feet Small Intestine

pig

Animal with 13 Feet Small Intestine

dog

Length of Caecum in Horse

4 feet long

Length of Colon in Horse

10 feet

Length of Small Colon in Horse

12 feet

Number of Taenia and Haustra in Small Colon of Horse

two rows each

Animal with Ampulla Recti

horse

Parts of Colon in Ox and Sheep

spiral and terminal portion (ansa spiralis and distalis)

Liver in This Animal Has No Gall Bladder

Horse

Liver in This Animal is Not Divided into Lobes

ox

The Caudate Process of the Liver is Not Visible from Parietal Surface in This Animal

sheep

Parenchyma of the Liver Has Morocco Leather Appearance in This Animal

pig

Parietal Surface of the Liver is Extremely Convex in This Animal

dog

Pancreas in This Animal Has Dorsal and Ventral Ducts

horse

Pancreas in This Animal is Quadrilateral Shape

ox

In Pancreas of This Animal, Only Ventral Duct Persist

sheep