Chem spring unit 3

Intermolecular

forces are the attractions or repulsions between molecules, influencing physical properties like boiling and melting points. e.g. Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole and Hydrogen bonds

Intramolecular

forces are the attractions that occur within a molecule, holding its atoms together. e.g. covalent, ionic & metallic bonds

Out of Inter and Intramolecular forces, which is weaker?

all Intermolecular forces forces are weaker than Intramolecular forces involving bonding.

Fluids

are substances that can flow and take the shape of their container, including liquids and gases.

Surface Tension

is the cohesive force at the surface of a liquid that causes it to behave as if it were covered by an elastic film, allowing it to resist external forces and causing water to stick to the surface

surfactant

is a substance that reduces surface tension in liquids in which its dissolved

cohesion

attraction between similar molecules that causes them to stick together, contributing to the properties of liquids.

adhesion

is the attraction between different molecules, allowing substances to adhere to one another, such as water molecules sticking to glass.

vaporization vs evaporation

Vaporization refers to the process of converting a liquid into a gas, which can occur through boiling or evaporation, while evaporation specifically describes the gradual transition of molecules from a liquid to gas at temperatures below boiling.

viscosity

the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, influenced by factors such as temperature and molecular structure.

Density Column

is a method used to separate substances based on their densities, often involving layering liquids of different densities.

boiling point

the temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the external pressure or atmospheric pressure, causing it to change into a gas.