History Semester 2 Final Important People

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30 Terms

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Thomas More

Noted Humanist writer from England, his book, Utopia, outlined the Christian principles and philosophy of Plato regarding good government

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Michelangelo

Recognized as one of the great artists of all time, paintings on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome was one of his true artistic masterpieces

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William Shakespeare

English writer, his works such as King Lear, Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth have made him recognized as the greatest playwright of the Renaissance Era

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Galileo Galilei

Italian astronomer noted for making major improvements to the telescope

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John Wycliffe

Englishman known as the "Morning Star of the Reformation," he was one of the first outspoken critics of the Roman Catholic Church

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Johannes Gutenberg

German tradesman whose invention of the movable-type printing press changed the course of history in Europe

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Napoleon Bonaparte

French general who seized power in a military coup d’etat and later crowned himself emperor of France

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Maximilien Robespierre

prominent leader of the Jacobins, provided security, law and order in the French Revolution

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George Washington

American patriot chosen to lead the continental army in the American’s war of Independence

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Otto von Bismarck

Nationalist leader who helped unite Germany under the authority of the Prussia King

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Simon Bolivar

Leader of the independence movement for the Spanish colonies in the north

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Ludwig van Beethoven

German composer who bridged the gap between classical and romantic music and helped establish the piano as a popular instrument

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Charles Darwin

English scientist who laid the basis for the theory of biological evolution in his book “On the Origin of Species”

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Karl Marx

German socialist philosopher, living in exile in Britain he wrote Das Kapital 

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Albert Einstein

German/Jewish physicist, was the greatest scientist of the early 20th century, he showed the relationship between mass and energy (E=mc²) and developed the theory of relativity

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Martin Luther

German clergyman, his opposition in the corruption of the Roman Catholic church caused him to begin the Protestant reformation and post his 95 Theses

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Charles V

Leader of the Holy Roman Empire whose preoccupation with far flung political affairs in Europe led to the spread Lutheran doctrine in his empire

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Henry VIII

English monarch whose failure to get permission from the pope to divorce his wife lead him to split his kingdom away from the Roman Catholic Church

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Genghis Khan

Became leader of his tribe as a teenager, grew up to unite the Mongol tribes leading to the creation of the world’s largest empire

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Francis Ferdinand

Archduke and heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, his assassination was the spark that started WWI

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Paul von Hindenburg

Brilliant German general who devised a strategy to defeat Russia in WWI

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Vladimir Lenin

Russian leader of the Bolsheviks who seized control of the revolution which led to the establishment of a communist nation

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Pablo Picasso

Spanish born, one of the greatest artists of the 20th century, influenced the movement called cubism

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Igor Stravinsky

Russian composer whose innovative theory became known as polytonality and influenced music in the 20th century

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Adolf Hitler

Created the Nazi party and rose to power in Germany by using propaganda to blame communists and Jews for Germany's economic problems 

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Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of Great Britain who inspired his nation to fight on during the darkest days of World War II

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John J. Pershing

American general who led the AEF to France to assist the allies to win WWI

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Mao Zedong

Leader of the communist forces in China, he saved his army by taking them on The Long March

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

American president who initiated the "New Deal" program in an attempt to get the USA out of the Great Depression

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Harry Truman

American president who replaced FDR after his death, made the decision to use the atomic bombs against Japan