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Thomas More
Noted Humanist writer from England, his book, Utopia, outlined the Christian principles and philosophy of Plato regarding good government
Michelangelo
Recognized as one of the great artists of all time, paintings on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome was one of his true artistic masterpieces
William Shakespeare
English writer, his works such as King Lear, Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth have made him recognized as the greatest playwright of the Renaissance Era
Galileo Galilei
Italian astronomer noted for making major improvements to the telescope
John Wycliffe
Englishman known as the "Morning Star of the Reformation," he was one of the first outspoken critics of the Roman Catholic Church
Johannes Gutenberg
German tradesman whose invention of the movable-type printing press changed the course of history in Europe
Napoleon Bonaparte
French general who seized power in a military coup d’etat and later crowned himself emperor of France
Maximilien Robespierre
prominent leader of the Jacobins, provided security, law and order in the French Revolution
George Washington
American patriot chosen to lead the continental army in the American’s war of Independence
Otto von Bismarck
Nationalist leader who helped unite Germany under the authority of the Prussia King
Simon Bolivar
Leader of the independence movement for the Spanish colonies in the north
Ludwig van Beethoven
German composer who bridged the gap between classical and romantic music and helped establish the piano as a popular instrument
Charles Darwin
English scientist who laid the basis for the theory of biological evolution in his book “On the Origin of Species”
Karl Marx
German socialist philosopher, living in exile in Britain he wrote Das Kapital
Albert Einstein
German/Jewish physicist, was the greatest scientist of the early 20th century, he showed the relationship between mass and energy (E=mc²) and developed the theory of relativity
Martin Luther
German clergyman, his opposition in the corruption of the Roman Catholic church caused him to begin the Protestant reformation and post his 95 Theses
Charles V
Leader of the Holy Roman Empire whose preoccupation with far flung political affairs in Europe led to the spread Lutheran doctrine in his empire
Henry VIII
English monarch whose failure to get permission from the pope to divorce his wife lead him to split his kingdom away from the Roman Catholic Church
Genghis Khan
Became leader of his tribe as a teenager, grew up to unite the Mongol tribes leading to the creation of the world’s largest empire
Francis Ferdinand
Archduke and heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, his assassination was the spark that started WWI
Paul von Hindenburg
Brilliant German general who devised a strategy to defeat Russia in WWI
Vladimir Lenin
Russian leader of the Bolsheviks who seized control of the revolution which led to the establishment of a communist nation
Pablo Picasso
Spanish born, one of the greatest artists of the 20th century, influenced the movement called cubism
Igor Stravinsky
Russian composer whose innovative theory became known as polytonality and influenced music in the 20th century
Adolf Hitler
Created the Nazi party and rose to power in Germany by using propaganda to blame communists and Jews for Germany's economic problems
Winston Churchill
Prime Minister of Great Britain who inspired his nation to fight on during the darkest days of World War II
John J. Pershing
American general who led the AEF to France to assist the allies to win WWI
Mao Zedong
Leader of the communist forces in China, he saved his army by taking them on The Long March
Franklin D. Roosevelt
American president who initiated the "New Deal" program in an attempt to get the USA out of the Great Depression
Harry Truman
American president who replaced FDR after his death, made the decision to use the atomic bombs against Japan