Thanksgiving weekend notes

water soluble molecules

amine, peptide, and protein hormones

liquid soluble molecules

steroid hormones

electron density maps

show the distributions of charge

red on electron density map

high density of electrons (more negative)

blue on electron density map

low density of electrons (more positive)

green on electron density map

neutral charge regions

polar bond

a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally

non-polar bond

a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally

is water nonpolar or polar?

polar

are lipids nonpolar or polar?

nonpolar

water soluble hormone example

makes water soluble hormones in advance and stores them
travel freely
receptors on target cells
faster effects

lipid soluble hormones

synthesized only when needed, secreted by simple diffusion
travels with the help of a carrier protein
receptors inside target cells
slower to change gene expression

endocrine cells

synthesize, secrete, travel, receptor, activate, generate

any cells that secrete hormones

endocrine cells

endocrine cells can effect other cells by using

hormones as messengers

hormone axes

pathway of hormones though a sequence of 3 endocrine organs

when the first endocrine organ in a hormone axes releases hormones into the bloodstream...

it binds to endocrine organ #2, causing that organ to secrete hormones

what happens after endocrine organ #2 starts secreting hormones?

endocrine organ #3 has receptors that bind to endocrine organ #2's hormones and produces hormones of its own

endocrine #1 and #2 tend to have receptors for

the hormone released by endocrine organ #3

what happens when the hormones from endocrine organ #3 bind to endocrine organ #1 or endocrine organ #2?

endocrine organ #1 / endocrine organ #2 stop releasing hormones

(negative feedback)

what happens when endocrine organ #1 and endocrine organ #2 stop secreting hormones?

endocrine organ #3 stops secreting hormones

general hormone axes

hypothalamus -> anterior pituitary gland -> target endocrine organ

what would the hormone axes that travels from the

hypothalamus -> anterior pituitary gland -> thyroid
be called?

Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis

Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis

regulates metabolism

Hypothalamus: thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
anterior pituitary gland: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
thyroid secretes thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis

development for gonads

maintains normal sperm and egg production

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

the biological system responsible for the stress response

Hypothalamus: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
anterior pituitary gland: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
adrenal gland complex secretes glucocorticoids, primarily cortisol

cortisol

stress hormone

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

Hypothalamus: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
anterior pituitary gland: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) AND Leutinizing Hormone (LH)

FSH: inhibin
LH : testosterone and estrogen

aromatase

converts testosterone to estrogen