A&P CHAPTER 16: HORMONES PT.1

hey boy-omar apollo & kali uchis (hypothalamus,anterior pit., and adrenal glands)

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

produced in hypothalamus, stimulated by action potentials. targets capillaries in posterior pituitary. causes the insertion of aquaporin channels in the cells of distant tubules allowing for water reabsorption and increases blood volume. inhibited by decreased solute concentration in the blood.

oxytocin

produced in hypothalamus, stimulated by suckling infant. targets mammary glands and smooth muscle of uterus. causes uterine contractions and milk let-down reflex. inhibitied by a lack of stimuli

somatostatin

produced in hypothalamus, inhibits the release of GH from the anterior pituitary gland

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

produced in anterior pituitary gland. stimulated by TRH. targets the thyroid and stimulates the production and release of thyroid hormone and growth of thyroid gland

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

produced in anterior pituitary. stimulated by CRH. targets the adrenal cortex. stimulates the development of the adrenal glands and their synthesis of various steroid hormones

prolactin

produced by anterior pituitary. stimulated by PRH. targets the mammary glands. stimulates growth of mammary gland tissue, initiates milk production after childbirth, maintains milk production after childbirth

luteinizing hormone (LH)

produced in anterior pituitary. stimulated by GRH. targets the gonads. stimulates production of testosterone/estrogen, triggers release of oocyte in ovulation

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

produced by anterior pituitary. stimulated by GRH. targets the gonads. stimulates cells of testes to produce chemicals that bind and concentrate testosterone; works with LH to trigger production of estrogen. is also involved in the maturation of ovarian follicles

growth hormone (GH)

produced in anterior pituitary by somatotrophs. stimulated by GhRH. targets include liver, muscle, adipose, and bone. promotes gluconeogenesis, fat breakdown, and protein breakdown. also inhibits glucose uptake by skeletal muscle.

insulin growth factor (IGF)

released by liver, bone, muscle, and other tissues. stimulates glucose uptake by cells, cell division, and protein synthesis

mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

produced in adrenal gland. stimulated by angiotensin-II, elevated K ions, ACTH, and elevated H ions. targets kidney tubules. maintains Na and K ion concentrations, regulates ECF fluid volume, maintains BP, and maintains acid base homeostasis

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

produced by the heart, blocks renin and aldosterone secretion to decrease blood pressure

glucocorticoids (cortisol)

produced in adrenal glands. stimulated by ACTH. targets liver, muscle, adipose, and WBCs. increases gluconeogenesis in liver, protein breakdown, lipolysis, and inhibits inflammatory response all in response to stressors.

androgenic steroids

produced in adrenal glands, stimulated by ACTH. targets reproductive organs, brain, bone, skeletal muscle. can be converted to testosterone, responsible for female pubic hair and libido.

catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

produced in adrenal glands. stimulated by preganglionic sympathetic neurons and ACTH. targets nearly every cell in the body. increases heart rate, dilates bronchioles, constricts blood vessels to digestive and urinary organs and the skin, increases metabolic rate, and dilates pupils.

thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

allows for release of TSH

corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

allows for release of ACTH

prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)

allows for release of prolactin

gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

allows for release of LH and FSH

growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

allows for release of GH

TIH

inhibits release of TSH

CIH

inhibits release of ACTH

PIH

inhibits release of prolactin

GnIH

inhibits release of LH and FSH

GHIH

inhibits release of GH