Biology quiz

biology

It’s the branch of science that studies life.

Mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell

Nucleus

holds DNA

Rough ER

helps make proteins

correct order of biological organization

Atom → Molecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere

Living

Have cells, use energy, grow, reproduce, evolve, maintain homeostasis.

(e.g. humans, bacteria, plants)

Non-living

Don’t have cells or life processes.

(e.g. wood, air, chair, virus, food)

5 characteristics of life

1. Organization

2. Energy Use

3. Homeostasis

4. Reproduction

5. Evolution

Atom

Smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance (element).

ex. Carbon atom

Molecule

a group of joined atoms.

ex. DNA

Organelle

a membrane-bounded structure that has a specific function within a cell.

ex. Chloroplast

cell

The fundamental unit of life.

ex. Leaf cell

Tissue

group of cells with similar function

(ex. epidermis)

Organ

made of tissues

Organ system

organs that work together

(ex. digestive system)

Organism

single living thing, individual

Population

a group of the same species of org. living in the same place,

ex- Multiple acacia trees

Community

all pop-that occupy the same region.

ex. All populations in a savanno

Ecosystem

living + non-living in area

Biosphere

The global ecosystem; the parts of the planet & its atmosphere where life is possible.

Brain

-primary driver of the body

-send signal throughout of body

-control center

If brain interact w/ on organ (ex. Eyes) it makes a new function (ex. Memory)

Producers

Makes their own food to provide energy

Consumer

absorb nutrients by eating other organisms

Decomposers

break down dead matter (fungi)

Detritivores

ingest & digest dead matter i internally

Scavengers

eat dead org. or prey dead org

eat remains (vultures)

homeostasis

State of internal balance

Cloning

Making a copy of DNA of a parent and parent and off. Are exactly the same

Evolution

Changes over time; adapting to environment. Example: bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.

two main types of reproduction

Asexual

Sexual

Asexual

1 parent, exact copies

Sexual

2 parents, genetic variation

types of asexual reproduction?

Binary Fission

budding

Fragmentation

Binary Fission

one splits into two

Budding

buds form on body (ex: cactus)

Fragmentation

body splits into parts that grow (ex: starfish)

Prokaryotes

No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

• Helpful: Lactobacillus

• Harmful: Staphylococcus (pimples)

Eukaryotes

Have nucleus and organelles

Halophiles

salty areas (like the Dead Sea)

Methanogens

oxygen-poor areas

Thermophiles

hot areas (volcanoes)

Organism in Domain Eukarya

• Amoeba – moves with pseudopods

• Paramecium – uses cilia

• Algae & Diatoms – photosynthesize

• Slime Molds – feed on decay

• Kelp, Fungi, Yeast – various types

• Mushrooms – decomposers

• Athlete’s Foot – fungal infection

Protista

◦ Can be unicellular or multicellular
◦ Can be autotrophs (producers) or heterotrophs (consumers)
◦ Most do not cause harm

Fungi

Most are multicellular
◦ Heterotrophs by external digestion (e.g. decomposing dead matter)

Plantae

◦ Multicellular
◦ Autotrophs – they make their own food through photosynthesis

Animalia

multicellular, heterotrophs (by ingestion)