National 5 Chemistry Review

These flashcards cover key concepts and details from the National 5 Chemistry syllabus, focused on Metals, Plastics, Fertilisers, Nuclear Chemistry, and Chemical Analysis.

Metals are found on the __________ side of the periodic table.

left-hand

The two main properties of metals are that they are __________ and conduct electricity.

malleable

Metallic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between __________ charged ions and delocalised electrons.

positively

Metals can react with oxygen to produce a __________ oxide.

metal

The reaction of a metal with water produces a metal __________ and hydrogen.

hydroxide

When reacting with an acid, metals produce a __________ and hydrogen.

salt

The reactivity series is a list that ranks metals according to their __________ rates.

reactivity

The process of __________ involves the loss of electrons during a reaction.

oxidation

When reduction occurs, electrons are __________ by the atom or ion.

gained

A redox reaction involves both __________ and reduction occurring simultaneously.

oxidation

In the electrochemical series, metals lose one or more of their __________ electrons.

outer

The Haber process is primarily used for the manufacture of __________.

ammonia

The catalyst used in the Haber process is __________.

iron

Ammonium nitrate is a common __________ used in fertilizers.

compound

The Ostwald process produces __________ acid from ammonia.

nitric

Half-life is the time for __________ of the nuclei of a particular isotope to decay.

half

Alpha particles consist of __________ protons and __________ neutrons.

2; 2

Beta particles are ________ that are ejected from the nucleus of an atom.

electrons

The penetrating power of gamma rays is reduced by barriers made of __________ or __________.

lead; concrete

The percentage composition of a fertilizer can be calculated from its __________ formula.

molecular

A polymer is formed by joining a large number of __________ together.

monomers

Addition polymerisation starts with __________ monomers.

unsaturated

When potassium reacts with water, potassium hydroxide and __________ are produced.

hydrogen

Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc __________ and hydrogen.

chloride

The balanced equation for the oxidation of magnesium is __________ Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2ZnCl(aq) + H2(g).

2

During the extraction process, metal ions in the ore gain __________ to produce metal atoms.

electrons

The main form of radiation emitted from a radioactive element can be identified as __________, __________, or __________.

alpha; beta; gamma

The direction of electron flow in an electrochemical cell goes from __________ to __________ in the electrochemical series.

higher; lower

To calculate the GFM of the ore, we multiply the number of atoms by their __________.

atomic mass

__________ is a process that uses electricity to extract metals from their ores.

Electrolysis

High voltage in an electrochemical cell is produced by metals that are __________ apart in the electrochemical series.

far

In a chemical reaction, the term __________ refers to the decomposition of a substance into smaller particles or elements.

decay

Fertilisers are needed to replace essential elements in soil removed by __________.

plants

The chemical reaction involved in the Haber process is N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g), where the ⇌ sign indicates that the reaction is __________.

reversible

The mass number of a radioisotope does not change upon the emission of a __________ particle.

gamma

A __________ is an ionic solution used to complete the circuit in an electrochemical cell.

salt bridge

__________ is the time taken for half of a radioactive isotope to decay.

Half-life

The use of __________ can help to determine the presence of specific ions in a solution.

precipitation

The ion-electron equation for the oxidation of magnesium is __________.

Mg(s) → Mg2+(aq) + 2e-

The reaction of ammonium hydroxide with acids forms soluble __________.

salts

Electrochemical cells can be made up of a single cell or __________ half cells.

two

Malleable metals can be __________ into different shapes easily.

moulded

A polymer's repeating unit is the shortest section of the polymer chain which, if __________, yields the complete polymer chain.

repeated

In the manufacturing of fertilizers, ammonia is produced by the __________ process.

Haber

When a radioactive atom emits an alpha particle, the atomic number __________ by two.

decreases

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the three main elements in __________.

fertilisers

The chemical formula for ammonia is __________.

NH3

The main elements of fertilizers are found in the form of soluble __________.

salts

Metals are found on the __________ side of the periodic table.

left-hand

The two main properties of metals are that they are __________ and conduct electricity.

malleable

Metallic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between __________ charged ions and delocalised electrons.

positively

Metals can react with oxygen to produce a __________ oxide.

metal

The reaction of a metal with water produces a metal __________ and hydrogen.

hydroxide

When reacting with an acid, metals produce a __________ and hydrogen.

salt

The reactivity series is a list that ranks metals according to their __________ rates.

reactivity

A polymer is formed by joining a large number of __________ together.

monomers

Addition polymerisation starts with __________ monomers.

unsaturated

Ammonium nitrate is a common __________ used in fertilizers.

compound

The Ostwald process produces __________ acid from ammonia.

nitric

The mass number of a radioisotope does not change upon the emission of a __________ particle.

gamma

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the three main elements in __________.

fertilisers

The chemical formula for ammonia is __________.

NH3

The main elements of fertilizers are found in the form of soluble __________.

salts

In the manufacturing of fertilizers, ammonia is produced by the __________ process.

Haber